Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022 Feb;37(1):1-8. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2022.101. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity should not be understood only as the accumulation of fat in the body, but instead as a phenomenon that exerts different effects on our health according to the place of fat deposition and its stability. Obesity is the starting point of most metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sleep apnea, and eventually cardiovascular disease. There are different kinds of obesity, ranging from simple obesity to sarcopenic obesity. The main purpose of intervening to address obesity is to decrease the ultimate consequence of obesity-namely, cardiovascular disease. The main mechanism through which obesity, especially abdominal obesity, increases cardiovascular risk is the obesity-induced derangement of metabolic health, leading to the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, which are the main initiators of vascular damage. In this review, I discuss the influence of various types of obesity on the risk of metabolic diseases, and how these diseases increase cardiovascular disease risk.
肥胖的流行在全球范围内迅速增加。肥胖不应仅仅被理解为体内脂肪的积累，而应被视为一种根据脂肪沉积的部位及其稳定性对我们的健康产生不同影响的现象。肥胖是大多数代谢性疾病的起点，如糖尿病、高血压、代谢综合征、睡眠呼吸暂停，最终还会导致心血管疾病。肥胖有不同的类型，从单纯性肥胖到肌少性肥胖。干预肥胖的主要目的是降低肥胖的最终后果——即心血管疾病。肥胖，尤其是腹部肥胖增加心血管风险的主要机制是肥胖引起的代谢健康失调，导致糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝和代谢综合征等代谢性疾病的发展，这些疾病是血管损伤的主要启动因素。在这篇综述中，我讨论了各种类型的肥胖对代谢性疾病风险的影响，以及这些疾病如何增加心血管疾病风险。
