Usacheva Maria, Choe Daniel, Liu Siwei, Timmer Susan, Belsky Jay
Department of Human Ecology, Human Development Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, CAARE Diagnostic and Treatment Center, UC Davis Children's Hospital, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2022 May;34(2):513-526. doi: 10.1017/S0954579422000013. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
Recent dimensional models of adversity informed by a neurobiological deficit framework highlights threat and deprivation as core dimensions, whereas models informed by an evolutionary, adaptational and functional framework calls attention to harshness and unpredictability. This report seeks to evaluate an integrative model of threat, deprivation, and unpredictability, drawing on the Fragile Families Study. Confirmatory factor analysis of presumed multiple indicators of each construct reveals an adequate three-factor structure of adversity. Theory-based targeted predictions of the developmental sequelae of each dimension also received empirical support, with deprivation linked to health problems and cognitive ability; threat linked to aggression; and unpredictability to substance use and sexual risk-taking. These findings lend credibility to utility of the three-dimensional integrative framework of adversity. It could thus inform development of dimensional measures of risk assessment and exploration of multidimensional adversity profiles, sensitive to individual differences in lived experiences, supporting patient-centered, strength-based approaches to services.
最近由神经生物学缺陷框架所推动的逆境维度模型强调威胁和匮乏是核心维度，而由进化、适应和功能框架所推动的模型则关注严峻性和不可预测性。本报告旨在利用脆弱家庭研究来评估一个包含威胁、匮乏和不可预测性的综合模型。对每个构念假定的多个指标进行验证性因素分析，揭示了一个合适的逆境三因素结构。基于理论对每个维度的发展后果进行的针对性预测也得到了实证支持，匮乏与健康问题和认知能力相关；威胁与攻击性相关；不可预测性与物质使用和性冒险行为相关。这些发现为逆境三维综合框架的实用性提供了可信度。因此，它可以为风险评估维度测量的发展以及多维逆境概况的探索提供参考，对生活经历中的个体差异敏感，支持以患者为中心、基于优势的服务方法。
