Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
D. E. Shaw Research, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2022 Mar;29(3):250-260. doi: 10.1038/s41594-022-00734-6. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
The SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins coordinate genome replication and gene expression. Structural analyses revealed the basis for coupling of the essential nsp13 helicase with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) where the holo-RdRp and RNA substrate (the replication-transcription complex or RTC) associated with two copies of nsp13 (nsp13-RTC). One copy of nsp13 interacts with the template-RNA in an opposing polarity to the RdRp and is envisaged to drive the RdRp backward on the RNA template (backtracking), prompting questions as to how the RdRp can efficiently synthesize RNA in the presence of nsp13. Here we use cryogenic-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the nsp13-RTC, revealing four distinct conformational states of the helicases. The results indicate a mechanism for the nsp13-RTC to turn backtracking on and off, using an allosteric mechanism to switch between RNA synthesis or backtracking in response to stimuli at the RdRp active site.
SARS-CoV-2 的非结构蛋白协调基因组复制和基因表达。结构分析揭示了必需的 nsp13 解旋酶与 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶(RdRp)偶联的基础,其中全酶-RdRp 和 RNA 底物(复制-转录复合物或 RTC)与两个 nsp13 拷贝(nsp13-RTC)相关联。nsp13 的一个拷贝与 RdRp 相反的极性与模板-RNA 相互作用,据设想,它可以促使 RdRp 在 RNA 模板上向后移动(回溯),这引发了一个问题,即在存在 nsp13 的情况下,RdRp 如何能够有效地合成 RNA。在这里,我们使用低温电子显微镜和分子动力学模拟来分析 nsp13-RTC,揭示了解旋酶的四个不同构象状态。结果表明,nsp13-RTC 有一种机制可以打开和关闭回溯,使用变构机制来响应 RdRp 活性位点的刺激,在 RNA 合成或回溯之间切换。