Radulescu Diana-Elena, Neacsu Ionela Andreea, Grumezescu Alexandru-Mihai, Andronescu Ecaterina
Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Feb 24;14(5):899. doi: 10.3390/polym14050899.
In recent years, the number of people needing bone replacements for the treatment of defects caused by chronic diseases or accidents has continuously increased. To solve these problems, tissue engineering has gained significant attention in the biomedical field, by focusing on the development of suitable materials that improve osseointegration and biologic activity. In this direction, the development of an ideal material that provides good osseointegration, increased antimicrobial activity and preserves good mechanical properties has been the main challenge. Currently, bone tissue engineering focuses on the development of materials with tailorable properties, by combining polymers and ceramics to meet the necessary complex requirements. This study presents the main polymers applied in tissue engineering, considering their advantages and drawbacks. Considering the potential disadvantages of polymers, improving the applicability of the material and the combination with a ceramic material is the optimum pathway to increase the mechanical stability and mineralization process. Thus, ceramic materials obtained from natural sources (e.g., hydroxyapatite) are preferred to improve bioactivity, due to their similarity to the native hydroxyapatite found in the composition of human bone.
近年来，因慢性疾病或事故导致骨缺损而需要进行骨替代治疗的人数持续增加。为了解决这些问题，组织工程学通过专注于开发能改善骨整合和生物活性的合适材料，在生物医学领域受到了广泛关注。在这个方向上，开发一种能提供良好骨整合、增强抗菌活性并保持良好机械性能的理想材料一直是主要挑战。目前，骨组织工程致力于开发具有可定制性能的材料，通过将聚合物和陶瓷结合来满足必要的复杂要求。本研究介绍了应用于组织工程的主要聚合物，并考虑了它们的优缺点。考虑到聚合物的潜在缺点，提高材料的适用性以及与陶瓷材料结合是提高机械稳定性和矿化过程的最佳途径。因此，从天然来源获得的陶瓷材料（如羟基磷灰石）因其与人体骨骼成分中发现的天然羟基磷灰石相似性，而更有利于提高生物活性。
