Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.
Center of Resources, Expertise and Performance in Sports (CREPS), Bellerive-sur-Allier, FRANCE.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Mar 1;54(3):517-529. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002809.
Menopause tends to be associated with an increased risk of obesity and abdominal fat mass (FM) and is associated with lower intestinal species diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a high-intensity interval training and resistance training (HIIT + RT) program on body composition and intestinal microbiota composition in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
Participants (n = 17) were randomized in two groups: HIIT + RT group (3× per week, 12 wk) and control group without any training. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral FM and fat-free mass. Intestinal microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at baseline and at the study end, and the diet was controlled.
Compared with sedentary controls, physical fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, peak power output) increased, total abdominal and visceral FM decreased, and segmental muscle mass increased in the training group. Although the HIIT + RT protocol did not modify α-diversity and taxonomy, it significantly influenced microbiota composition. Moreover, various intestinal microbiota members were correlated with HIIT + RT-induced body composition changes, and baseline microbiota composition predicted the response to the HIIT + RT program.
HIIT + RT is an effective modality to reduce abdominal/visceral FM and improve physical capacity in nondieting overweight or obese postmenopausal women. Training modified intestinal microbiota composition, and the response to training seems to depend on the initial microbiota profile. More studies are needed to determine whether microbiota composition could predict the individual training response.
绝经后往往与肥胖和腹部脂肪量（FM）增加以及肠道物种多样性降低有关。本研究旨在确定高强度间歇训练和阻力训练（HIIT+RT）方案对超重或肥胖绝经后妇女的身体成分和肠道微生物组成的影响。
参与者（n=17）随机分为两组：HIIT+RT 组（每周 3 次，共 12 周）和无训练对照组。双能 X 射线吸收法用于测量全身和腹部/内脏 FM 和去脂体重。在基线和研究结束时通过 16S rRNA 基因测序确定肠道微生物组成，并控制饮食。
与久坐对照组相比，训练组的体能（最大摄氧量、最大功率输出）增加，总腹部和内脏 FM 减少，节段性肌肉质量增加。尽管 HIIT+RT 方案并未改变 α-多样性和分类，但它显著影响了微生物群落组成。此外，各种肠道微生物成员与 HIIT+RT 诱导的身体成分变化相关，基线微生物群落组成预测了对 HIIT+RT 方案的反应。
HIIT+RT 是一种有效减少超重或肥胖绝经后妇女腹部/内脏 FM 和提高身体能力的方法。训练改变了肠道微生物群落组成，而对训练的反应似乎取决于初始的微生物群特征。需要进一步的研究来确定微生物群落组成是否可以预测个体的训练反应。
