Department of Psychology and Counseling, University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia.
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2022 May;169:106624. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106624. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
This study applies a multilevel model approach to test the predictive effect of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) plus moral norm, past behaviour and crash history to account for intentions to avoid traffic violations within the context of commuting to or from work. This study also extended the theory by adding psychological stressors of perceived stress and work-family conflict. In this study, we systematically tested the direct and mediated models. A sample of Malaysian drivers (N = 482; 44.6% were men and 55.4% women), with the average age of 36.7 years (SD = 10.0) was surveyed. The self-report questionnaire contained multiple observations nested within individual drivers, with respect to 3 different driving violations. As predicted, multi-level modelling showed that within-person predictor variables of all the TPB components emerged as independent predictors, with injunctive norm being the most predictive variable, followed by self-efficacy and cognitive attitude. Intention was also predicted by moral norms and crash history. Between-person variables, gender, commuting hours and work-family conflict also had direct influences on intention (i.e., men and those with longer commuting hours and higher work-family conflict reported lower intentions). Substantial support for the mediation model was found, confirming that stressors indirectly influence intentions through effects on the social cognitive components. The implications of the linkage between the social cognition and stressors for developing potential broader interventions focusing on multiple violation behaviours and designing appropriate safety policies to reduce commuting crashes are discussed.
本研究采用多层次模型方法，检验计划行为理论（TPB）加道德规范、过去行为和事故史对工作通勤或上下班时避免违反交通规则的意图的预测效果。本研究还通过增加感知压力和工作-家庭冲突这两个心理压力源，对理论进行了扩展。在本研究中，我们系统地检验了直接和中介模型。对马来西亚驾驶员（N=482；44.6%为男性，55.4%为女性）进行了调查，平均年龄为 36.7 岁（SD=10.0）。自陈式问卷包含了多个嵌套在个体驾驶员内的观测值，涉及 3 种不同的驾驶违规行为。正如预测的那样，多层次建模表明，TPB 所有组成部分的个体内预测变量都是独立的预测因素，其中规范准则是最具预测性的变量，其次是自我效能和认知态度。意图还受到道德规范和事故史的预测。个体间变量，如性别、通勤时间和工作-家庭冲突，也对意图有直接影响（即，男性以及通勤时间较长和工作-家庭冲突较高的人，意图较低）。中间模型得到了充分支持，证实了压力源通过对社会认知因素的影响间接影响意图。讨论了社会认知和压力源之间的联系对开发针对多种违规行为的潜在更广泛干预措施和设计适当的安全政策以减少通勤事故的意义。
