Cui Yonghua, Chu Jiahui, Li Yanlin, Li Ying
Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 24;13:784753. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.784753. eCollection 2022.
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder that has a unique status of a quintessentially neuropsychiatric condition at the interface of neurology (movement disorder) and psychiatry (behavioral/emotional condition). However, the behavioral and emotional profile has seemed to be neglected in the literature thus far. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral and emotional profile of TS.
A total of 124 patients aged 6-16 years with TS were included in this study, including age- and sex-matched health control, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) groups. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to screen the behavioral and emotional profile of the TS and other compared groups. The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to assess TS tic severity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the difference between the TS and other compared groups.
The results showed that the eight factors of the CBCL had no association with motor tics, vocal tics, or tic severity ( > 0.05). However, positive correlations were identified between functional impairments (subscales of YGTSS) and thought problems (TP) and rule-breaking behavior (RBB). Based on the eight-factor profile of the CBCL, TS showed a similar profile to MDD but different from ADHD and OCD, which showed similar profiles.
Based on the assessment of the CBCL of TS, it was found that "pure" TS might show fewer behavioral and emotional problems than OCD, ADHD, and MDD. Similar behavioral and emotional profiles were identified between TS and MDD, but not OCD and ADHD. More attention needs to be paid to the thought problems and rule break problems in the CBCL in the screening stage, which might have a potential influence on the functional impairments of TS.
抽动秽语综合征（TS）是一种起病于儿童期的神经精神障碍，在神经病学（运动障碍）和精神病学（行为/情绪状况）的交叉领域，它作为一种典型的神经精神疾病具有独特的地位。然而，迄今为止，行为和情绪方面的特征在文献中似乎一直被忽视。本研究旨在调查TS的行为和情绪特征。
本研究共纳入124例6至16岁的TS患者，包括年龄和性别匹配的健康对照组、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）组、强迫症（OCD）组和重度抑郁症（MDD）组。使用儿童行为量表（CBCL）来筛查TS组和其他比较组的行为和情绪特征。使用耶鲁全球抽动严重程度量表（YGTSS）评估TS的抽动严重程度。采用方差分析（ANOVA）来研究TS组与其他比较组之间的差异。
结果显示，CBCL的八个因子与运动性抽动、发声性抽动或抽动严重程度均无关联（>0.05）。然而，功能损害（YGTSS的分量表）与思维问题（TP）和违规行为（RBB）之间存在正相关。基于CBCL的八因子特征，TS显示出与MDD相似的特征，但与ADHD和OCD不同，ADHD和OCD显示出相似的特征。
基于对TS的CBCL评估，发现“单纯”TS可能比OCD、ADHD和MDD表现出更少的行为和情绪问题。TS和MDD之间存在相似的行为和情绪特征，但OCD和ADHD之间不存在。在筛查阶段，CBCL中的思维问题和违规问题需要更多关注，它们可能对TS的功能损害有潜在影响。
