性激素水平与肠道微生物群落组成和多样性的关联：系统综述。
Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity-A Systematic Review.
机构信息
Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
出版信息
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2022;56(5):384-392. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001676.
GOALS/BACKGROUND: Animal studies have highlighted how the microbiota acts in a sex-specific manner with sex hormones demonstrating an association with the composition and diversity of the microbiota. This systematic review aimed to gather the available scientific evidence to explore the association between sex hormones and gut microbiota composition and diversity, in humans.
STUDY
Four bibliographic databases were searched in July 2020 using terms related to "microbiota," "microflora," "sex hormones," "testosterone," and "estrogen." Human studies that investigated the correlation between sex hormones and the microbiota composition or diversity using next-generation sequencing were included.
RESULTS
A total of 10,468 records were screened with 13 studies included in this review. In healthy women, higher estrogen levels were found to be associated with a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, a lower abundance of Firmicutes, the Ruminococcaceae family and increased diversity. In healthy men, raised testosterone levels positively correlated with Ruminococcus, Acinetobacter, and an increased microbial diversity. Escherichia and Shigella spp. were correlated with raised testosterone in healthy women whereas Ruminococcus spp. was negatively associated with elevated testosterone levels. Women with altered testosterone/estrogen profiles (such as in polycystic ovary syndrome), had a differing gut microbiota compared with healthy women.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings gathered highlight an association between sex hormones and the gut microbiota composition/diversity and may contribute to the sex-based variations observed in disease pathogenesis. Factors such as age and medical conditions are implicated in the associations observed and should be accounted for in future studies. As the understanding of the complex symbiotic relationship between humans and their gut microbiota increases, microbiota modulation could be an attractive option for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
目的/背景：动物研究强调了微生物组如何以性别特异性的方式发挥作用，性激素与微生物组的组成和多样性之间存在关联。本系统评价旨在收集现有科学证据，以探讨性激素与肠道微生物组组成和多样性之间的关系。
研究
2020 年 7 月，使用与“微生物组”、“微生物群”、“性激素”、“睾酮”和“雌激素”相关的术语，对四个文献数据库进行了搜索。纳入了使用下一代测序技术研究性激素与微生物组组成或多样性之间相关性的人体研究。
结果
共筛选了 10468 条记录，其中 13 项研究纳入本综述。在健康女性中，较高的雌激素水平与拟杆菌门的丰度增加、厚壁菌门的丰度降低、瘤胃球菌科和多样性增加有关。在健康男性中，升高的睾酮水平与瘤胃球菌属、不动杆菌属和微生物多样性增加呈正相关。在健康女性中，大肠杆菌和志贺氏菌属与睾酮升高有关，而罗氏菌属与升高的睾酮水平呈负相关。雄激素/雌激素水平改变（如多囊卵巢综合征）的女性与健康女性的肠道微生物群不同。
结论
研究结果强调了性激素与肠道微生物组组成/多样性之间的关联，并可能有助于解释疾病发病机制中观察到的性别差异。年龄和疾病等因素与观察到的相关性有关，应在未来的研究中加以考虑。随着人们对人类与其肠道微生物群之间复杂共生关系的理解不断加深，微生物组调节可能成为预防和治疗胃肠道疾病的一种有吸引力的选择。
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