Fornace Kimberly, Manin Benny Obrain, Matthiopoulos Jason, Ferguson Heather M, Drakeley Chris, Ahmed Kamruddin, Khoon Koay Teng, Ewers Robert M, Daim Sylvia, Chua Tock Hing
Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Wellcome Open Res. 2022 Feb 16;7:63. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17678.1. eCollection 2022.
Landscape changes disrupt environmental, social and biological systems, altering pathogen spillover and transmission risks. This study aims to quantify the impact of specific land management practices on spillover and transmission rates of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases within Malaysian Borneo. This protocol describes a cohort study with integrated ecological sampling to assess how deforestation and agricultural practices impact pathogen flow from wildlife and vector populations to human infection and detection by health facilities. This will focus on malaria, dengue and emerging arboviruses (Chikungunya and Zika), vector-borne diseases with varying contributions of simian reservoirs within this setting. A prospective longitudinal observational cohort study will be established in communities residing or working within the vicinity of the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) Project, a landscape gradient within Malaysian Borneo encompassing different plantation and forest types. The primary outcome of this study will be transmission intensity of selected zoonotic and vector-borne diseases, as quantified by changes in pathogen-specific antibody levels. Exposure will be measured using paired population-based serological surveys conducted at the beginning and end of the two-year cohort study. Secondary outcomes will include the distribution and infection rates of and mosquito vectors, human risk behaviours and clinical cases reported to health facilities. Longitudinal data on human behaviour, contact with wildlife and GPS tracking of mobility patterns will be collected throughout the study period. This will be integrated with entomological surveillance to monitor densities and pathogen infection rates of and mosquitoes relative to land cover. Within surrounding health clinics, continuous health facility surveillance will be used to monitor reported infections and febrile illnesses. Models will be developed to assess spillover and transmission rates relative to specific land management practices and evaluate abilities of surveillance systems to capture these risks.
景观变化扰乱环境、社会和生物系统，改变病原体溢出和传播风险。本研究旨在量化特定土地管理实践对马来西亚婆罗洲人畜共患病和媒介传播疾病的溢出及传播率的影响。本方案描述了一项采用综合生态采样的队列研究，以评估森林砍伐和农业实践如何影响病原体从野生动物和媒介种群流向人类感染以及卫生设施的检测情况。这将聚焦于疟疾、登革热和新兴虫媒病毒（基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒），在这种环境下，这些媒介传播疾病有着不同程度的猿类宿主贡献。将在居住或工作于“森林生态系统变化稳定性”（SAFE）项目附近的社区开展一项前瞻性纵向观察队列研究，该项目是马来西亚婆罗洲的一个景观梯度，涵盖不同的种植园和森林类型。本研究的主要结果将是选定的人畜共患病和媒介传播疾病的传播强度，通过病原体特异性抗体水平的变化来量化。暴露情况将通过在为期两年的队列研究开始和结束时进行的基于人群的配对血清学调查来衡量。次要结果将包括伊蚊和库蚊媒介的分布及感染率、人类风险行为以及向卫生设施报告的临床病例。在整个研究期间将收集有关人类行为、与野生动物接触情况以及移动模式的GPS跟踪的纵向数据。这将与昆虫学监测相结合，以监测伊蚊和库蚊相对于土地覆盖的密度和病原体感染率。在周边的健康诊所，将采用持续的卫生设施监测来监测报告的感染和发热疾病。将开发模型来评估相对于特定土地管理实践的溢出和传播率，并评估监测系统捕捉这些风险的能力。
