Kabay Gözde, DeCastro Jonalyn, Altay Alara, Smith Kasey, Lu Hsiang-Wei, Capossela Antonia McDonnell, Moarefian Maryam, Aran Kiana, Dincer Can
FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
Adv Mater. 2022 Jul;34(30):e2201085. doi: 10.1002/adma.202201085. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
Several viral infectious diseases appear limitless since the beginning of the 21 century, expanding into pandemic lengths. Thus, there are extensive efforts to provide more efficient means of diagnosis, a better understanding of acquired immunity, and improved monitoring of inflammatory biomarkers, as these are all crucial for controlling the spread of infection while aiding in vaccine development and improving patient outcomes. In this regard, various biosensors have been developed recently to streamline pathogen and immune response detection by addressing the limitations of traditional methods, including isothermal amplification-based systems and lateral flow assays. This review explores state-of-the-art biosensors for detecting viral pathogens, serological assays, and inflammatory biomarkers from the material perspective, by discussing their advantages, limitations, and further potential regarding their analytical performance, clinical utility, and point-of-care adaptability. Additionally, next-generation biosensing technologies that offer better sensitivity and selectivity, and easy handling for end-users are highlighted. An emerging example of these next-generation biosensors are those powered by novel synthetic biology tools, such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) with CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas), in combination with integrated point-of-care devices. Lastly, the current challenges are discussed and a roadmap for furthering these advanced biosensing technologies to manage future pandemics is provided.
自21世纪初以来，几种病毒性传染病似乎呈无限蔓延之势，演变成了大流行。因此，人们做出了广泛努力，以提供更有效的诊断方法，更好地理解获得性免疫，并加强对炎症生物标志物的监测，因为这些对于控制感染传播、助力疫苗研发以及改善患者预后都至关重要。在这方面，最近开发了各种生物传感器，以解决传统方法的局限性，包括基于等温扩增的系统和侧向流动分析，从而简化病原体和免疫反应检测。本综述从材料角度探讨了用于检测病毒病原体、血清学检测和炎症生物标志物的先进生物传感器，讨论了它们在分析性能、临床实用性和即时检测适应性方面的优点、局限性和进一步的潜力。此外，还重点介绍了具有更高灵敏度和选择性、便于终端用户操作的下一代生物传感技术。这些下一代生物传感器的一个下一代生物传感器的一个新兴例子是由新型合成生物学工具驱动的传感器，例如与CRISPR相关蛋白（Cas）结合的成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR），并与集成即时检测设备相结合。最后，讨论了当前面临的挑战，并提供了推进这些先进生物传感技术以应对未来大流行的路线图。
