Mohammad Noor, Katkam Shrinivas Siddhivinayak, Wei Qingshan
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
CRISPR J. 2022 Aug;5(4):500-516. doi: 10.1089/crispr.2021.0146. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Infectious pathogens are pressing concerns due to their heavy toll on global health and socioeconomic infrastructure. Rapid, sensitive, and specific pathogen detection methods are needed more than ever to control disease spreading. The fast evolution of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics (CRISPR-Dx) has opened a new horizon in the field of molecular diagnostics. This review highlights recent efforts in configuring CRISPR technology as an efficient diagnostic tool for pathogen detection. It starts with a brief introduction of different CRISPR-Cas effectors and their working principles for disease diagnosis. It then focuses on the evolution of laboratory-based CRISPR technology toward a potential point-of-care test, including the development of new signaling mechanisms, elimination of preamplification and sample pretreatment steps, and miniaturization of CRISPR reactions on digital assay chips and lateral flow devices. In addition, promising examples of CRISPR-Dx for pathogen detection in various real samples, such as blood, saliva, nasal swab, plant, and food samples, are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of future development of CRISPR-Dx for infectious disease monitoring are discussed.
传染性病原体因其对全球健康和社会经济基础设施造成的沉重负担而备受关注。控制疾病传播比以往任何时候都更需要快速、灵敏且特异的病原体检测方法。基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的诊断技术（CRISPR-Dx）的快速发展为分子诊断领域开辟了新视野。本综述重点介绍了将CRISPR技术配置为病原体检测高效诊断工具的近期研究成果。首先简要介绍了不同的CRISPR-Cas效应物及其用于疾病诊断的工作原理。接着重点阐述了基于实验室的CRISPR技术向潜在即时检测的发展，包括新信号传导机制的开发、预扩增和样品预处理步骤的消除，以及数字检测芯片和侧向流动装置上CRISPR反应的小型化。此外，还重点介绍了CRISPR-Dx在各种实际样品（如血液、唾液、鼻拭子、植物和食品样品）中进行病原体检测的成功实例。最后，讨论了CRISPR-Dx在传染病监测未来发展中的挑战和前景。
