Saint-Hilaire M H, Saint-Hilaire J M, Granger L
Neurology. 1986 Sep;36(9):1269-71. doi: 10.1212/wnl.36.9.1269.
The "Jumping Frenchmen of Maine" were described by George Beard in 1878. They had an excessive startle response, sometimes with echolalia, echopraxia, or forced obedience. In 1885, Gilles de la Tourette concluded that "jumping" was similar to the syndrome that now bears his name. Direct observations of jumpers have been scarce. We studied eight jumpers from the Because region of Quebec. In our opinion, this phenomenon is not a neurologic disease, but can be explained in psychological terms as operant conditioned behavior. Our cases were related to specific conditions in lumber camps in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.
1878年，乔治·比尔德描述了“缅因州的跳跃法国人”。他们有过度的惊吓反应，有时伴有模仿言语、模仿动作或强迫服从。1885年，吉尔斯·德拉·图雷特得出结论，“跳跃”与现在以他的名字命名的综合征相似。对跳跃者的直接观察很少。我们研究了来自魁北克省贝科斯地区的八名跳跃者。我们认为，这种现象不是一种神经疾病，而是可以从心理学角度解释为操作性条件行为。我们的病例与19世纪和20世纪初伐木营地的特定情况有关。
