Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India.
Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
Open Biol. 2022 Mar;12(3):210289. doi: 10.1098/rsob.210289. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
发育信号通路，如 Wnt/β-连环蛋白、Notch 和 Sonic 刺猬，在神经元发育的几乎所有阶段都发挥着核心作用。对于许多人来说，“胚胎”这个术语似乎不太恰当，因为这些通路在胚胎发育和成年早期是有功能的，尽管在一定程度上是有功能的。因此，这些通路或其相关成分的任何异常都可能导致神经退行性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和中风等不良后果。在过去的十年中，研究人员已经广泛研究了这些通路，以破译与疾病相关的相互作用，这些相互作用可以作为治疗靶点，改善神经异常患者的预后。然而，在这一领域还有很多需要了解的地方。然而，有强有力的证据支持这样一个事实，即胚胎信号确实是一种关键机制，因为它在驱动记忆丧失、运动障碍和脑创伤后许多其他过程中发挥了作用。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了三种胚胎信号通路在调节一系列稳态过程中的关键作用，如维持血脑屏障完整性、线粒体动力学和神经炎症。此外，我们还广泛研究了这些通路在驱动一系列疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和糖尿病性神经病）病理生理学中的作用。综述的结论部分专门讨论了神经治疗学，我们在其中确定并列出了一系列生物分子和化合物，这些分子和化合物在改善这些疾病患者的预后方面显示出了巨大的潜力。
