La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe University, AgriBio Building, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2022 Apr 15;6(2):163-173. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20210286.
The individual tissues and cell types of plants each have characteristic properties that contribute to the function of the plant as a whole. These are reflected by unique patterns of gene expression, protein and metabolite content, which enable cell-type-specific patterns of growth, development and physiology. Gene regulatory networks act within the cell types to govern the production and activity of these components. For the broader organism to grow and reproduce successfully, cell-type-specific activity must also function within the context of surrounding cell types, which is achieved by coordination of signalling pathways. We can investigate how gene regulatory networks are constructed and function using integrative 'omics technologies. Historically such experiments in plant biological research have been performed at the bulk tissue level, to organ resolution at best. In this review, we describe recent advances in cell- and tissue-specific 'omics technologies that allow investigation at much improved resolution. We discuss the advantages of these approaches for fundamental and translational plant biology, illustrated through the examples of specialised metabolism in medicinal plants and seed germination. We also discuss the challenges that must be overcome for such approaches to be adopted widely by the community.
植物的各个组织和细胞类型都具有独特的特性，这些特性有助于植物作为一个整体发挥功能。这些特性反映在基因表达、蛋白质和代谢物含量的独特模式上，这些模式使细胞类型具有特定的生长、发育和生理模式。基因调控网络在细胞类型内发挥作用，以调控这些成分的产生和活性。为了使生物体更成功地生长和繁殖，细胞类型特异性的活性还必须在周围细胞类型的背景下发挥作用，这是通过信号通路的协调实现的。我们可以使用整合的“组学”技术来研究基因调控网络是如何构建和发挥作用的。在植物生物学研究中，这类实验在历史上一直是在组织水平上进行的，最多只能达到器官水平的分辨率。在这篇综述中，我们描述了细胞和组织特异性“组学”技术的最新进展，这些技术使我们能够以更高的分辨率进行研究。我们讨论了这些方法在基础和转化植物生物学中的优势，通过药用植物和种子萌发中特化代谢的例子来说明。我们还讨论了这些方法在社区中被广泛采用所必须克服的挑战。
