College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
Department of Innovation, Syngenta Biotechnology China, Beijing 102206, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 30;23(9):4994. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094994.
Soybean is a major crop that provides essential protein and oil for food and feed. Since its origin in China over 5000 years ago, soybean has spread throughout the world, becoming the second most important vegetable oil crop and the primary source of plant protein for global consumption. From early domestication and artificial selection through hybridization and ultimately molecular breeding, the history of soybean breeding parallels major advances in plant science throughout the centuries. Now, rapid progress in plant omics is ushering in a new era of precision design breeding, exemplified by the engineering of elite soybean varieties with specific oil compositions to meet various end-use targets. The assembly of soybean reference genomes, made possible by the development of genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics over the past 20 years, was a great step forward in soybean research. It facilitated advances in soybean transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, all of which paved the way for an integrated approach to molecular breeding in soybean. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in omics research, highlight novel findings made possible by omics techniques, note current drawbacks and areas for further research, and suggest that an efficient multi-omics approach may accelerate soybean breeding in the future. This review will be of interest not only to soybean breeders but also to researchers interested in the use of cutting-edge omics technologies for crop research and improvement.
大豆是一种主要作物，为食品和饲料提供必需的蛋白质和油脂。自 5000 多年前起源于中国以来，大豆已遍布全球，成为世界上第二大植物油作物和全球消费的主要植物蛋白来源。从早期的驯化和人工选择，通过杂交，最终到分子育种，大豆的育种历史与几个世纪以来植物科学的重大进展是平行的。现在，植物组学的快速发展正在迎来一个精准设计育种的新时代，以具有特定油分组成的优质大豆品种的工程为例，以满足各种最终用途的目标。过去 20 年来，随着基因组测序技术和生物信息学的发展，大豆参考基因组的组装是大豆研究的一大进步。它促进了大豆转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和表型组学的发展，为大豆的分子育种提供了一种综合方法。在这篇综述中，我们总结了组学研究的最新进展，强调了组学技术带来的新发现，指出了当前的缺点和进一步研究的领域，并提出了一个有效的多组学方法可能会加速未来的大豆育种。这篇综述不仅对大豆育种者有兴趣，而且对利用先进的组学技术进行作物研究和改良的研究人员也有兴趣。
