College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 14;23(24):15932. doi: 10.3390/ijms232415932.
Medicinal plants produce important substrates for their adaptation and defenses against environmental factors and, at the same time, are used for traditional medicine and industrial additives. Plants have relatively little in the way of secondary metabolites via biosynthesis. Recently, the whole-genome sequencing of medicinal plants and the identification of secondary metabolite production were revolutionized by the rapid development and cheap cost of sequencing technology. Advances in functional genomics, such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, pave the way for discoveries in secondary metabolites and related key genes. The multi-omics approaches can offer tremendous insight into the variety, distribution, and development of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Although many reviews have reported on the plant and medicinal plant genome, chemistry, and pharmacology, there is no review giving a comprehensive report about the medicinal plant genome and multi-omics approaches to study the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites. Here, we introduce the medicinal plant genome and the application of multi-omics tools for identifying genes related to the biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites. Moreover, we explore comparative genomics and polyploidy for gene family analysis in medicinal plants. This study promotes medicinal plant genomics, which contributes to the biosynthesis and screening of plant substrates and plant-based drugs and prompts the research efficiency of traditional medicine.
药用植物产生重要的基质来适应和抵御环境因素，同时也被用于传统医学和工业添加剂。植物通过生物合成产生的次生代谢物相对较少。最近，随着测序技术的快速发展和成本降低，药用植物的全基因组测序和次生代谢产物的鉴定发生了革命性的变化。功能基因组学的进步，如转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学，为次生代谢物及其相关关键基因的发现铺平了道路。多组学方法可以为生物合成基因簇（BGCs）的多样性、分布和发展提供巨大的见解。尽管许多综述报告了植物和药用植物的基因组、化学和药理学，但没有一篇综述全面报道药用植物基因组和多组学方法来研究次生代谢物的生物合成途径。在这里，我们介绍了药用植物基因组和多组学工具在鉴定与次生代谢物生物合成途径相关基因中的应用。此外，我们还探讨了比较基因组学和多倍体在药用植物基因家族分析中的应用。这项研究促进了药用植物基因组学的发展，有助于植物基质和植物药的生物合成和筛选，并提高了传统医学的研究效率。
