Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2022 Aug;61(5):2815-2823. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02855-6. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a widely prevalent condition. High consumption of dairy foods and dietary fat are associated with worse GERD symptoms. However, existing data are inconsistent and mostly based on observational studies. The purpose of this exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial was to investigate the impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy food consumption on GERD symptoms.
Seventy-two participants with metabolic syndrome completed a 4-week wash-in diet during which dairy intake was limited to three servings of nonfat milk per week. Participants were then randomized to either continue the limited dairy diet or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings per day of either low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt and cheese for 12 weeks. Here, we report intervention effects on the frequency of acid reflux, and the frequency and severity of heartburn, exploratory endpoints assessed by a questionnaire administered before and after the 12-week intervention.
In the per-protocol analysis (n = 63), there was no differential intervention effect on a cumulative heartburn score (p = 0.443 for the time by diet interaction in the overall repeated measures analysis of variance). Similarly, the intervention groups did not differentially affect the odds of experiencing acid regurgitation (p = 0.651). The intent-to-treat analyses (n = 72) yielded similar results.
Our exploratory analyses suggest that, in men and women with the metabolic syndrome, increasing the consumption of either low-fat or full-fat dairy foods to at least three servings per day does not affect common symptoms of GERD, heartburn and acid regurgitation compared to a diet limited in dairy.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02663544, registered on January 26, 2016.
胃食管反流病（GERD）是一种广泛存在的疾病。大量食用乳制品和脂肪与更严重的 GERD 症状有关。然而，现有数据不一致，且主要基于观察性研究。本项随机对照试验的探索性分析旨在研究低脂肪和全脂乳制品的消耗对 GERD 症状的影响。
72 名代谢综合征患者在为期 4 周的洗脱期饮食中完成了饮食限制，在此期间，每周的乳制品摄入量限制在 3 份脱脂牛奶。然后，参与者被随机分为继续限制乳制品饮食或改为每天摄入 3.3 份低脂或全脂牛奶、酸奶和奶酪的饮食，持续 12 周。在这里，我们报告了干预对酸反流频率以及通过问卷评估的烧心频率和严重程度的影响，这些是在 12 周干预前后进行的探索性终点。
在方案分析（n=63）中，累积烧心评分的干预效果无差异（在总体重复测量方差分析中，时间与饮食的交互作用 p=0.443）。同样，干预组也没有对经历酸反流的几率产生不同的影响（p=0.651）。意向治疗分析（n=72）得出了类似的结果。
我们的探索性分析表明，在患有代谢综合征的男性和女性中，与限制乳制品的饮食相比，每天至少摄入 3 份低脂或全脂乳制品并不会影响 GERD 的常见症状，即烧心和酸反流。
ClinicalTrials.gov 标识符：NCT02663544，于 2016 年 1 月 26 日注册。
