Villageliu Daniel N, Samuelson Derrick R
Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 1;13:828704. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.828704. eCollection 2022.
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanoparticles derived from the membrane components of bacteria that transport microbial derived substances. MVs are ubiquitous across a variety of terrestrial and marine environments and vary widely in their composition and function. Membrane vesicle functional diversity is staggering: MVs facilitate intercellular communication by delivering quorum signals, genetic information, and small molecules active against a variety of receptors. MVs can deliver destructive virulence factors, alter the composition of the microbiota, take part in the formation of biofilms, assist in the uptake of nutrients, and serve as a chemical waste removal system for bacteria. MVs also facilitate host-microbe interactions including communication. Released in mass, MVs overwhelm the host immune system and injure host tissues; however, there is also evidence that vesicles may take part in processes which promote host health. This review will examine the ascribed functions of MVs within the context of human health and disease.
细菌膜泡（MVs）是源自细菌膜成分的纳米颗粒，可运输微生物衍生物质。MVs广泛存在于各种陆地和海洋环境中，其组成和功能差异很大。膜泡的功能多样性惊人：MVs通过传递群体感应信号、遗传信息和对多种受体有活性的小分子来促进细胞间通讯。MVs可以传递具有破坏性的毒力因子，改变微生物群的组成，参与生物膜的形成，协助营养物质的摄取，并作为细菌的化学废物清除系统。MVs还促进宿主与微生物的相互作用，包括通讯。大量释放的MVs会使宿主免疫系统不堪重负并损伤宿主组织；然而，也有证据表明膜泡可能参与促进宿主健康的过程。本综述将在人类健康和疾病的背景下研究MVs的既定功能。
