National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
Planta. 2022 Mar 19;255(4):88. doi: 10.1007/s00425-022-03868-5.
The review summarizes our advanced understanding of the heterotrimeric G-protein research from model plants and their emerging roles in modulating various plant architecture and agronomical traits in crop species. Heterotrimeric G-proteins (hereafter G-proteins), consisting of G-alpha (Gα), G-beta (Gβ) and G-gamma (Gγ) subunits, are key signal transducers conserved across different forms of life. The discovery of plant lineage-specific G-protein components (extra-large G-proteins and type-C Gγ subunits), inherent polyploidy in angiosperms, and unique modes of G-protein cycle regulation in plants pointed out to a few fundamental differences of plant G-protein signaling from its animal counterpart. Over the last 2 decades, extensive studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed the involvement of G-proteins in a wide range of plant growth and development, and stress adaptation processes. The G-protein research in crop species, however, is still in its infancy, and a handful of studies suggest important roles of G-proteins in regulating plant architectural and key agronomical traits including plant's response to abiotic and biotic factors. We propose that the advancement made in plant G-proteins research will facilitate the development of novel approaches to manage plant yield and fitness in changing environments.
该综述总结了我们对模式植物中三聚体 G 蛋白的深入了解，以及它们在调节作物物种中各种植物结构和农艺性状方面的新兴作用。三聚体 G 蛋白（以下简称 G 蛋白）由 Gα、Gβ 和 Gγ 亚基组成，是跨不同生命形式保守的关键信号转导物。植物谱系特异性 G 蛋白成分（特大 G 蛋白和 C 型 Gγ 亚基）的发现、被子植物固有的多倍体性，以及植物 G 蛋白循环调节的独特模式，指出了植物 G 蛋白信号与动物对应物的一些基本差异。在过去的 20 年中，对模式植物拟南芥的广泛研究证实了 G 蛋白参与了广泛的植物生长发育和应激适应过程。然而，在作物物种中的 G 蛋白研究仍处于起步阶段，少数研究表明 G 蛋白在调节植物结构和关键农艺性状方面发挥着重要作用，包括植物对非生物和生物因素的反应。我们提出，在植物 G 蛋白研究方面的进展将有助于开发新的方法来管理不断变化环境中的植物产量和适应性。
