Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
J Control Release. 2022 May;345:231-274. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.024. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Despite its wide establishment over the years, iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) still draws extensive interest in the biomedical fields due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, magnetivity and surface tunable properties. IONP has been used for the MRI, magnetic targeting, drug delivery and hyperthermia of various diseases. However, their poor stability, low diagnostic sensitivity and low disease-specificity have resulted in unsatisfying diagnostic and therapeutic outputs. The surface functionalization of IONP with biocompatible and colloidally stable components appears to be promising to improve its circulation and colloidal stability. Importantly, through surface functionalization with designated functional components, IONP-based assemblies with multiple stimuli-responsivity could be formed to achieve an accurate and efficient delivery of IONP to disease sites for an improved disease diagnosis and therapy. In this work, we first described the design of biocompatible and stable IONP assemblies. Further, their stimuli-driven manipulation strategies are reviewed. Next, the utilization of IONP assemblies for disease diagnosis, therapy and imaging-guided therapy are discussed. Then, the potential toxicity of IONPs and their clinical usages are described. Finally, the intrinsic challenges and future outlooks of IONP assemblies are commented. This review provides recent insights into IONP assemblies, which could inspire researchers on the future development of multi-responsive and disease-targetable nanoassemblies for biomedical utilization.
尽管铁氧化物纳米粒子（IONP）多年来已经得到广泛应用，但由于其生物相容性、生物降解性、磁性和表面可调性，它仍然在生物医学领域引起了广泛的关注。IONP 已被用于各种疾病的磁共振成像（MRI）、磁性靶向、药物输送和热疗。然而，其较差的稳定性、低诊断灵敏度和低疾病特异性导致了令人不满意的诊断和治疗效果。通过将 IONP 表面功能化，使其具有生物相容性和胶体稳定性，似乎可以提高其循环和胶体稳定性。重要的是，通过表面功能化指定的功能组件，可以形成具有多种刺激响应性的 IONP 基组装体，从而实现 IONP 向疾病部位的精确和高效输送，从而改善疾病的诊断和治疗。在这项工作中，我们首先描述了设计具有生物相容性和稳定性的 IONP 组装体。进一步综述了它们的刺激驱动操纵策略。接下来，讨论了 IONP 组装体在疾病诊断、治疗和成像引导治疗中的应用。然后，描述了 IONP 的潜在毒性及其临床用途。最后，对 IONP 组装体的内在挑战和未来展望进行了评论。本综述提供了关于 IONP 组装体的最新见解，这可能会激发研究人员开发用于生物医学应用的多响应性和疾病靶向性纳米组装体的未来发展。
