Liu Wenwen, Chen Xincong, Wang Jiayu, Zhang Yihui
Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen University Fujian China.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 7;12(3):e8681. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8681. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitudes is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions.We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19-40°N) and native range (United States, 27-43°N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges.The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but nonsignificant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range.Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that . has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, but the flowering and allocation pattern of native populations is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive . in China is not constrained by the trade-off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role in biomass allocation across latitudes.
在植物的入侵范围和原生范围内，均已记录到开花时间上的平行纬度渐变群。此外，已发现开花时间会影响成熟时的生物量。因此，了解这些开花时间如何影响不同纬度的生物量积累，对于理解植物的适应性和分布至关重要。我们在温室共同花园实验中，研究并比较了盐沼草在来自入侵范围（中国，北纬19 - 40°）和原生范围（美国，北纬27 - 43°）的纬度梯度上，首次开花日（FFD）、地上生物量（AGB）、地下生物量（BGB）以及BGB:AGB比值的变化趋势，并测试了FFD是否会导致入侵范围和原生范围之间的这些差异。入侵种群产生的AGB和BGB比原生种群更多（分别约多20%、约19%），但FFD和BGB:AGB比值没有显著差异。我们发现在入侵范围和原生范围内，FFD均存在显著的平行纬度渐变群。此外，在入侵范围和原生范围内，BGB:AGB比值均与FFD呈负相关，但在入侵种群中不显著。相比之下，AGB和BGB在入侵范围内随纬度增加，而在原生范围内随纬度下降。最有趣的是，我们发现在原生范围内AGB和BGB与FFD呈正相关，但在入侵范围内没有显著关系。我们的结果间接支持了竞争能力增强进化假说（EICA），即……在中国已经进化出产生更多AGB和BGB的能力，但在入侵范围内原生种群的开花和分配模式得以维持。我们还表明，在中国的入侵……不受早开花与较小体型之间权衡的限制，并且开花时间在不同纬度的生物量分配中发挥了重要作用。
