南澳大利亚州文化和语言背景多样的老年人对新冠病毒的风险认知与健康预防措施：一项横断面调查
Risk Perception and Health Precautions Towards COVID-19 Among Older Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Adults in South Australia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
作者信息
Hamiduzzaman Mohammad, Siddiquee Noore, McLaren Helen, Tareque Md Ismail, Smith Anthony
机构信息
The University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Taree, Australia.
College of Business, Government & Law Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
出版信息
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022 Mar 15;15:497-514. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S343985. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Risk perceptions and precaution-taking against COVID-19 are affected by individuals' health status, psychosocial vulnerabilities and cultural dimensions. This cross-sectional study investigates risk perceptions associated with COVID-19 and specifically the problem- and emotion-focused health precautions of older, culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) South Australians.
METHODS
Cross-sectional research involving self-administration of an online survey. Participants were CALD adults living in South Australia, aged 60 years and above (n = 155). Multi-indicator surveys were analyzed using Stata/MP version 13.0 and multiple linear regression models fitted to examine associations between risk perceptions and problem- and emotion-focused health precautions.
RESULTS
Dread risk returned the highest mean score; COVID-19 was perceived as a catastrophe. Mean scores for fear showed that participants were worried about COVID-19 and scared of becoming infected. Participants followed health advice as they were worried [β 0.15; 95% CI 0.07, 0.23] and realized the effect of COVID-19 on them [β 0.15; 95% CI 0.02, 0.28], or worried and had trust in experts' knowledge and managing capacity [β 0.17; 95% CI 0.06, 0.28]. Age was negatively associated with sum-score of problem-focused coping: compared to participants aged 60-69 years, 80+ years revealed a decrease in problem-focused health precautions. Variables like education (primary schooling [β 2.80; 95% CI 0.05, 5.55] and bachelor degree [β 3.16; 95% CI 0.07, 6.25] versus no formal education), self-confidence in reducing risk, and fear [β 0.84; 95% CI 0.31, 1.36] significantly affected emotional-focused health precautions.
CONCLUSION
This local study has global implications. It showed that COVID-19 has psychosocial and environmental implications for older CALD adults. When many CALD populations have existing vulnerabilities to intersecting disadvantage, cultural-tailoring of interventions and pandemic response plans may buffer the effects of compounding disaster. Larger studies are needed to compare risk perception and health response patterns across countries and cultural groupings.
背景
对新冠病毒的风险认知和预防措施受到个人健康状况、心理社会脆弱性和文化维度的影响。这项横断面研究调查了与新冠病毒相关的风险认知，特别是南澳大利亚州年龄较大、文化和语言背景多样（CALD）人群针对问题和情绪的健康预防措施。
方法
采用涉及在线调查自我管理的横断面研究。参与者为居住在南澳大利亚州、年龄在60岁及以上的CALD成年人（n = 155）。使用Stata/MP 13.0版本对多指标调查进行分析，并拟合多元线性回归模型以检验风险认知与针对问题和情绪的健康预防措施之间的关联。
结果
恐惧风险的平均得分最高；新冠病毒被视为一场灾难。恐惧的平均得分表明参与者担心新冠病毒并害怕被感染。参与者遵循健康建议是因为他们感到担忧[β 0.15；95%置信区间0.07，0.23]且意识到新冠病毒对他们的影响[β 0.15；95%置信区间0.02，0.28]，或者是因为担忧且信任专家的知识和管理能力[β 0.17；95%置信区间0.06，0.28]。年龄与针对问题的应对总分呈负相关：与60 - 69岁的参与者相比，80岁及以上的参与者针对问题的健康预防措施有所减少。诸如教育程度（小学教育[β 2.80；95%置信区间0.05，5.55]和本科学位[β 3.16；95%置信区间0.07，6.25]与未接受正规教育相比）、降低风险的自信心以及恐惧[β 0.84；95%置信区间0.31，1.36]等变量对针对情绪的健康预防措施有显著影响。
结论
这项本地研究具有全球意义。研究表明，新冠病毒对年龄较大的CALD成年人具有心理社会和环境方面的影响。当许多CALD人群已经存在易受多重不利因素影响的脆弱性时，对干预措施和疫情应对计划进行文化层面的调整可能会缓冲复合性灾难的影响。需要开展更大规模的研究来比较不同国家和文化群体的风险认知和健康应对模式。
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