Adeyemo Praise, Léger Elsa, Hollenberg Elizabeth, Diouf Nicolas, Sène Mariama, Webster Joanne P, Häsler Barbara
Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK.
Dr Ameyo Stella Adadevoh (DRASA) Health Trust, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Parasit Vectors. 2022 Mar 22;15(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s13071-021-05147-w.
Schistosomiasis is a disease that poses major threats to human and animal health, as well as the economy, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Whilst many studies have evaluated the economic impact of schistosomiasis in humans, to date only one has been performed in livestock in SSA and none in Senegal. This study aimed to estimate the financial impact of livestock schistosomiasis in selected regions of Senegal.
Stochastic partial budget models were developed for traditional ruminant farmers in 12 villages in northern Senegal. The models were parameterised using data from a cross-sectional survey, focus group discussions, scientific literature and available statistics. Two scenarios were defined: scenario 1 modelled a situation in which farmers tested and treated their livestock for schistosomiasis, whilst scenario 2 modelled a situation in which there were no tests or treatment. The model was run with 10,000 iterations for 1 year; results were expressed in West African CFA francs (XOF; 1 XOF was equivalent to 0.0014 GBP at the time of analysis). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the impact of uncertain variables on the disease costs.
Farmers surveyed were aware of schistosomiasis in their ruminant livestock and reported hollowing around the eyes, diarrhoea and weight loss as the most common clinical signs in all species. For scenario 1, the median disease costs per year and head of cattle, sheep and goats were estimated at 13,408 XOF, 27,227 XOF and 27,694 XOF, respectively. For scenario 2, the disease costs per year and head of cattle, sheep and goats were estimated at 49,296 XOF, 70,072 XOF and 70,281 XOF, respectively.
Our findings suggest that the financial impact of livestock schistosomiasis on traditional subsistence and transhumance farmers is substantial. Consequently, treating livestock schistosomiasis has the potential to generate considerable benefits to farmers and their families. Given the dearth of data in this region, our study serves as a foundation for further in-depth studies to provide estimates of disease impact and as a baseline for future economic analyses. This will also enable One Health economic studies where the burden on both humans and animals is estimated and included in cross-sectoral cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of disease control strategies.
血吸虫病是一种对人类、动物健康以及经济构成重大威胁的疾病，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）尤为如此。虽然许多研究评估了血吸虫病对人类的经济影响，但迄今为止，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区仅对家畜进行过一项此类研究，而在塞内加尔尚未开展过相关研究。本研究旨在估算塞内加尔选定地区家畜血吸虫病的经济影响。
为塞内加尔北部12个村庄的传统反刍动物养殖户建立了随机部分预算模型。利用横断面调查、焦点小组讨论、科学文献和现有统计数据对模型进行参数化。定义了两种情景：情景1模拟养殖户对家畜进行血吸虫病检测和治疗的情况，情景2模拟不进行检测或治疗的情况。该模型运行10000次迭代，为期1年；结果以西非法郎（XOF）表示（在分析时，1 XOF相当于0.0014英镑）。进行敏感性分析以评估不确定变量对疾病成本的影响。
接受调查的养殖户知晓其反刍家畜感染血吸虫病，并报告说所有物种中最常见的临床症状是眼部周围凹陷、腹泻和体重减轻。对于情景1，估计每年每头牛、绵羊和山羊的疾病成本中位数分别为13408 XOF、27227 XOF和27694 XOF。对于情景2，估计每年每头牛、绵羊和山羊的疾病成本分别为49296 XOF、70072 XOF和70281 XOF。
我们的研究结果表明，家畜血吸虫病对传统自给自足和游牧养殖户的经济影响巨大。因此，治疗家畜血吸虫病有可能为养殖户及其家庭带来可观的收益。鉴于该地区数据匮乏，我们这项研究为进一步深入研究提供了基础，以便对疾病影响进行估算，并作为未来经济分析 的基线。这也将有助于开展“同一健康”经济研究，即估算人类和动物的负担，并将其纳入疾病控制策略的跨部门成本效益和成本效果分析之中。
