Stevens-Hernandez Christian J, Bruce Lesley J
Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Bristol BS34 7QH, UK.
School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 ITD, UK.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Mar 10;12(3):311. doi: 10.3390/membranes12030311.
Changes to the membrane proteins and rearrangement of the cytoskeleton must occur for a reticulocyte to mature into a red blood cell (RBC). Different mechanisms of reticulocyte maturation have been proposed to reduce the size and volume of the reticulocyte plasma membrane and to eliminate residual organelles. Lysosomal protein degradation, exosome release, autophagy and the extrusion of large autophagic-endocytic hybrid vesicles have been shown to contribute to reticulocyte maturation. These processes may occur simultaneously or perhaps sequentially. Reticulocyte maturation is incompletely understood and requires further investigation. RBCs with membrane defects or cation leak disorders caused by genetic variants offer an insight into reticulocyte maturation as they present characteristics of incomplete maturation. In this review, we compare the structure of the mature RBC membrane with that of the reticulocyte. We discuss the mechanisms of reticulocyte maturation with a focus on incomplete reticulocyte maturation in red cell variants.
网织红细胞要成熟为红细胞（RBC），膜蛋白必须发生变化，细胞骨架也必须重新排列。人们提出了不同的网织红细胞成熟机制，以减小网织红细胞质膜的大小和体积，并消除残留细胞器。溶酶体蛋白降解、外泌体释放、自噬以及大型自噬 - 内吞混合囊泡的挤出已被证明有助于网织红细胞成熟。这些过程可能同时发生，也可能依次发生。网织红细胞成熟尚未完全了解，需要进一步研究。由基因变异引起的具有膜缺陷或阳离子泄漏障碍的红细胞，由于呈现出不完全成熟的特征，为深入了解网织红细胞成熟提供了线索。在这篇综述中，我们比较了成熟红细胞膜与网织红细胞膜的结构。我们讨论了网织红细胞成熟的机制，重点关注红细胞变异体中不完全的网织红细胞成熟。
