Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), C/ Professor Albareda, 1, Granada 18008, Spain.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2022 Jul 14;63(7):889-900. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcac036.
The thiol group of cysteine (Cys) residues, often present in the active center of the protein, is of particular importance to protein function, which is significantly determined by the redox state of a protein's environment. Our knowledge of different thiol-based oxidative posttranslational modifications (oxiPTMs), which compete for specific protein thiol groups, has increased over the last 10 years. The principal oxiPTMs include S-sulfenylation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosation, persulfidation, S-cyanylation and S-acylation. The role of each oxiPTM depends on the redox cellular state, which in turn depends on cellular homeostasis under either optimal or stressful conditions. Under such conditions, the metabolism of molecules such as glutathione, NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen peroxide can be altered, exacerbated and, consequently, outside the cell's control. This review provides a broad overview of these oxiPTMs under physiological and unfavorable conditions, which can regulate the function of target proteins.
半胱氨酸（Cys）残基的巯基在蛋白质的活性中心经常存在，对蛋白质功能特别重要，而蛋白质的氧化还原状态对其功能有显著影响。在过去的 10 年中，我们对不同的基于巯基的氧化翻译后修饰（oxiPTMs）有了更多的了解，这些修饰会竞争特定的蛋白质巯基。主要的 oxiPTMs 包括 S-亚磺酰化、S-谷胱甘肽化、S-亚硝化、过硫化、S-氰基化和 S-酰化。每种 oxiPTM 的作用取决于氧化还原细胞状态，而细胞状态又取决于在最佳或应激条件下的细胞内稳态。在这些条件下，谷胱甘肽、NADPH（还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸）、一氧化氮、硫化氢和过氧化氢等分子的代谢可能会发生改变、加剧，并且超出细胞的控制。本综述广泛概述了生理和不利条件下这些 oxiPTMs 可以调节靶蛋白功能的情况。
