Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Apr 6;70(13):3929-3947. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00335. Epub 2022 Mar 24.
Human milk, the gold standard for optimal nourishment, controls the microbial composition of infants by either enhancing or limiting bacterial growth. The milk fat globule membrane has gained interest in gut-related functions and cognitive development. The membrane proteins can directly interact with probiotic bacteria, influencing their survival and adhesion through gastrointestinal transit, whereas membrane phospholipids increase the residence time of probiotic bacteria in the gut. The commensal bacteria in milk act as the initial inoculum in building up the gut colonization of an infant, whereas oligosaccharides promote proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Interestingly, milk extracellular vesicles are also involved in influencing the microbiota composition but are not well-explored. This review highlights the contribution of different milk components in modulating the infant gut microbiota, particularly the fat globule membrane, and the complex interplay between host- and brain-gut microbiota signaling affecting infant and adult health positively.
母乳是最佳营养的金标准，通过促进或限制细菌生长来控制婴儿的微生物组成。乳脂肪球膜因其与肠道相关功能和认知发展有关而受到关注。膜蛋白可以直接与益生菌相互作用，通过胃肠道转运影响其存活和黏附，而膜磷脂则增加益生菌在肠道中的停留时间。牛奶中的共生菌作为初始接种物，有助于婴儿肠道定植，而低聚糖则促进有益微生物的增殖。有趣的是，牛奶细胞外囊泡也参与影响微生物群落组成，但尚未得到充分探索。本文综述了不同牛奶成分在调节婴儿肠道微生物群中的作用，特别是乳脂肪球膜，以及宿主-肠道微生物群信号之间的复杂相互作用，对婴儿和成人的健康都有积极影响。
