Department of Plant Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Applied Biology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Mar 8;14(3):200. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030200.
Scaufl. & Munaut is a newly described taxon belonging to the species complex (FFSC) and a frequent causative factor of maize ear rot. The aim of the present study was to determine the responses to the disease in maize populations differing in endosperm features that were classified to flint, dent, and a group of plants with intermediate kernel characteristics. In inoculation studies, substantial variation of host response to the fungus was found among the tested maize types. The dent-type kernels contained significantly less amylose (28.27%) and exhibited significantly higher rates of infection (I = 2.10) and contamination by beauvericin (7.40 mg kg) than plants of the flint maize subpopulation. The study documents a significant positive correlation between the ear rot intensity (I) and ergosterol content (the R value ranged from 0.396 in 2015 to 0.735 in 2018) and between I and the presence of beauvericin (the R value ranged from 0.364 in 2015 to 0.785 in 2017). The negative correlation between (I) and amylose content (ranging from R = -0.303 to R= -0.180) stresses the role of the endosperm starch composition in the kernel resistance to ear rot. The conducted study indicated that the risk of kernel infection and contamination with fungal metabolites (beauvericin and ergosterol) was associated with the maize type kernels.
斯卡夫和芒努特是一个新描述的分类群，属于物种复合体（FFSC），也是玉米穗腐病的常见致病因素。本研究的目的是确定在胚乳特征不同的玉米群体中对该疾病的反应，这些玉米群体被分为硬质玉米、马齿型玉米和一组具有中间籽粒特征的植物。在接种研究中，发现测试的玉米类型之间宿主对真菌的反应存在很大差异。马齿型玉米的玉米穗粒中直链淀粉含量明显较低（28.27%），感染率（I=2.10）和污染率（I=2.10）明显较高，污染率为 7.40mgkg，比硬质玉米亚群体的植物高。研究记录了穗腐病严重程度（I）与麦角固醇含量之间的显著正相关（R 值范围从 2015 年的 0.396 到 2018 年的 0.735），以及 I 与 beauvericin 存在之间的显著正相关（R 值范围从 2015 年的 0.364 到 2017 年的 0.785）。I 与直链淀粉含量之间的负相关（R 值范围从-0.303 到-0.180）强调了胚乳淀粉组成在玉米穗粒对穗腐病抗性中的作用。进行的研究表明，玉米穗粒感染和真菌代谢物（ beauvericin 和麦角固醇）污染的风险与玉米类型有关。
