Marques Diana M C, Silva João C, Serro Ana Paula, Cabral Joaquim M S, Sanjuan-Alberte Paola, Ferreira Frederico C
Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Mar 6;9(3):109. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9030109.
Novel green materials not sourced from animals and with low environmental impact are becoming increasingly appealing for biomedical and cellular agriculture applications. Marine biomaterials are a rich source of structurally diverse compounds with various biological activities. Kappa-carrageenan (κ-c) is a potential candidate for tissue engineering applications due to its gelation properties, mechanical strength, and similar structural composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), possessing several advantages when compared to other algae-based materials typically used in bioprinting such as alginate. For those reasons, this material was selected as the main polysaccharide component of the bioinks developed herein. In this work, pristine κ-carrageenan bioinks were successfully formulated for the first time and used to fabricate 3D scaffolds by bioprinting. Ink formulation and printing parameters were optimized, allowing for the manufacturing of complex 3D structures. Mechanical compression tests and dry weight determination revealed young's modulus between 24.26 and 99.90 kPa and water contents above 97%. Biocompatibility assays, using a mouse fibroblast cell line, showed high cell viability and attachment. The bioprinted cells were spread throughout the scaffolds with cells exhibiting a typical fibroblast-like morphology similar to controls. The 3D bio-/printed structures remained stable under cell culture conditions for up to 11 days, preserving high cell viability values. Overall, we established a strategy to manufacture 3D bio-/printed scaffolds through the formulation of novel bioinks with potential applications in tissue engineering and cellular agriculture.
新型绿色材料并非源自动物且对环境影响较低，这使其在生物医学和细胞农业应用中越来越具有吸引力。海洋生物材料是结构多样且具有各种生物活性的化合物的丰富来源。κ-卡拉胶（κ-c）因其凝胶化特性、机械强度以及与糖胺聚糖（GAGs）相似的结构组成，是组织工程应用的潜在候选材料，与生物打印中通常使用的其他基于藻类的材料（如藻酸盐）相比具有多个优势。基于这些原因，该材料被选为本文所开发生物墨水的主要多糖成分。在这项工作中，首次成功配制了原始κ-卡拉胶生物墨水，并用于通过生物打印制造3D支架。对墨水配方和打印参数进行了优化，从而能够制造复杂的3D结构。机械压缩测试和干重测定显示杨氏模量在24.26至99.90 kPa之间，含水量超过97%。使用小鼠成纤维细胞系进行的生物相容性测定显示出高细胞活力和细胞附着。生物打印的细胞在整个支架中扩散，细胞呈现出与对照相似的典型成纤维细胞样形态。3D生物打印结构在细胞培养条件下保持稳定长达11天，保持了较高的细胞活力值。总体而言，我们建立了一种通过配制新型生物墨水来制造3D生物打印支架的策略，这些生物墨水在组织工程和细胞农业中具有潜在应用。
