College of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Change Management, Shanghai University of International Business and Economics, Shanghai, PR China.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 24;17(3):e0265661. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265661. eCollection 2022.
The advance selling (AS) has been widely applied in fresh industry for it can elevating the customer experience and increase flexibility thus profit for a retailer. However, the introduction of the AS will have an impact on spot market in pricing strategy, market share and the profit of the retailer. Hence, to coordinate the supply chain and improve the efficiency of the agricultural supply chain, a two-stage game theory model is constructed to analyze the effects of AS on three classic contracts: wholesale price, quantity discount and revenue-sharing contract. This paper also discusses the boundary conditions of whether a retailer should sell in advance. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: First, revenue-sharing contracts are superior to wholesale price and quantity discount contracts when retailers sell in advance, the wholesale price contract can perform better than the quantity discount contract in the presence of AS if the contract parameter is properly set. Second, a revenue-sharing contract that normally coordinates the supply chain can performs poorly when the retailer sells in advance that the social welfare would be higher if using a quantity discount contract instead. These conclusions have important implications for suppliers when retailers sell in advance. Such suppliers need to design appropriate contracts to distribute FAP that carefully take into consideration the AS activities in the market.
预售已广泛应用于新鲜产业，因为它可以提升顾客体验、增加零售商的灵活性和利润。然而，预售的引入将对现货市场的定价策略、市场份额和零售商的利润产生影响。因此，为了协调供应链并提高农业供应链的效率，构建了一个两阶段博弈论模型来分析预售对三种经典合同的影响：批发价、数量折扣和收益共享合同。本文还讨论了零售商是否应该预售的边界条件。本文的结论如下：第一，零售商预售时，收益共享合同优于批发价和数量折扣合同，如果合同参数设置得当，批发价合同在有预售时的表现要好于数量折扣合同。第二，零售商预售时通常协调供应链的收益共享合同表现不佳，如果采用数量折扣合同，社会福利会更高。这些结论对零售商预售时的供应商具有重要意义。这些供应商在设计 FAP 分配的合同时，需要考虑市场中的预售活动，谨慎地考虑这些活动。
