Jacak Janusz Edward, Jacak Witold Aleksander
Department of Quantum Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Mar 18;15(6):2254. doi: 10.3390/ma15062254.
The application of metallic nanoparticles leads to an increase in the efficiency of solar cells due to the plasmonic effect. We explore various scenarios of the related mechanism in the case of metallized perovskite solar cells, which operate as hybrid chemical cells without p-n junctions, in contrast to conventional cells such as Si, CIGS or thin-layer semiconductor cells. The role of metallic nano-components in perovskite cells is different than in the case of p-n junction solar cells and, in addition, the large forbidden gap and a large effective masses of carriers in the perovskite require different parameters for the metallic nanoparticles than those used in p-n junction cells in order to obtain the increase in efficiency. We discuss the possibility of activating the very poor optical plasmonic photovoltaic effect in perovskite cells via a change in the chemical composition of the perovskite and through special tailoring of metallic admixtures. Here we show that it is possible to increase the absorption of photons (optical plasmonic effect) and simultaneously to decrease the binding energy of excitons (related to the inner electrical plasmonic effect, which is dominant in perovskite cells) in appropriately designed perovskite structures with multishell elongated metallic nanoparticles to achieve an increase in efficiency by means of metallization, which is not accessible in conventional p-n junction cells. We discuss different methods for the metallization of perovskite cells against the background of a review of various attempts to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit for solar cell efficiency, especially in the case of the perovskite cell family.
由于等离子体效应，金属纳米颗粒的应用导致太阳能电池效率提高。我们探讨了金属化钙钛矿太阳能电池相关机制的各种情况，与传统电池如硅、铜铟镓硒或薄层半导体电池不同，金属化钙钛矿太阳能电池作为无 p-n 结的混合化学电池运行。金属纳米组分在钙钛矿电池中的作用与 p-n 结太阳能电池的情况不同，此外，钙钛矿中较大的禁带宽度和较大的载流子有效质量要求金属纳米颗粒的参数与 p-n 结电池中使用的参数不同，以便提高效率。我们讨论了通过改变钙钛矿的化学成分以及通过对金属混合物进行特殊定制来激活钙钛矿电池中非常微弱的光学等离子体光伏效应的可能性。在此我们表明，在具有多壳层细长金属纳米颗粒的适当设计的钙钛矿结构中，有可能增加光子吸收（光学等离子体效应），同时降低激子的结合能（与内部电等离子体效应相关，这在钙钛矿电池中占主导），以通过金属化实现效率提高，这在传统 p-n 结电池中是无法实现的。我们在回顾各种超越太阳能电池效率的肖克利 - 奎塞尔极限的尝试的背景下，讨论了钙钛矿电池金属化的不同方法，特别是在钙钛矿电池家族的情况下。
