Ma Yuxia, Li Ruiqiang, Zhan Wenqiang, Huang Xin, Zhang Limin, Liu Zhan
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 7;9:849384. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849384. eCollection 2022.
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder in older adults that affects their health-related quality of life. Two percent of adults over the age of 55 suffer from major depression, and the prevalence of depression increases with age. Even in the absence of major depressive disorder, 10-15% of older adults have clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Epidemiological studies on the association between different gender eating patterns and depression show inconsistent associations. Our study examined whether different gender eating patterns are related to depression. We consider eating patterns individually and as a joint exposure to predefined eating patterns.
Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data of the 24-h diet recall dietary intake, and the dietary pattern was determined. Linear regression models are used to explore the relationship between different diets and depression of men and women; weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g calculation (qgcomp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) are performed as Secondary analysis.
In the dietary patterns model, we found that the vegetable and fruit-based diet has a significant inhibitory effect in women, and the egg-milk-based diet has a significant inhibitory effect in men. We found that when all dietary factors are above the 55th percentile, there is a significant positive correlation between multiple dietary patterns and depression risk. We also determined a positive correlation between meat and obesity risk and a negative correlation between egg and milk and vegetables and fruits.
In the study population, after controlling for other baseline indicators and predictors of dietary pattern exposure, a fruit and vegetable-based diet was associated with a slightly healthier and lower risk of depression, while a meat-based dietary pattern associated with a higher risk of depression, and this association effect varies between genders.
抑郁症是老年人中常见的精神障碍，会影响他们与健康相关的生活质量。55岁以上的成年人中有2%患有重度抑郁症，且抑郁症的患病率随年龄增长而增加。即使没有重度抑郁症，10%-15%的老年人也有临床上显著的抑郁症状。
关于不同性别饮食模式与抑郁症之间关联的流行病学研究结果并不一致。我们的研究探讨了不同性别饮食模式是否与抑郁症有关。我们分别考虑饮食模式，并将其作为对预先定义饮食模式的联合暴露因素。
对24小时饮食回忆法收集的饮食摄入数据进行主成分分析（PCA），以确定饮食模式。使用线性回归模型探讨不同饮食与男性和女性抑郁症之间的关系；进行加权分位数和（WQS）回归、分位数g计算（qgcomp）和贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）作为二次分析。
在饮食模式模型中，我们发现以蔬菜和水果为主的饮食模式对女性有显著的抑制作用，以蛋奶为主的饮食模式对男性有显著的抑制作用。我们发现，当所有饮食因素都高于第55百分位数时，多种饮食模式与抑郁风险之间存在显著正相关。我们还确定了肉类与肥胖风险之间呈正相关，而蛋奶与蔬菜水果之间呈负相关。
在研究人群中，在控制了其他基线指标和饮食模式暴露的预测因素后，以水果和蔬菜为主的饮食模式与稍健康和较低的抑郁风险相关，而以肉类为主的饮食模式与较高的抑郁风险相关，且这种关联效应在不同性别之间有所不同。
