0-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Com-munity Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 May;136:104623. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104623. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Early life exposure to air pollution has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging evidence are highlighting a possible impact of air pollution on typically developing children. Thirty papers were included in this review to systematically evaluate the association between air pollutants exposure in prenatal and/or postnatal periods and specific neurodevelopmental skills (i.e. intellective functioning, memory and learning, attention and executive functions, verbal language, numeric ability and motor and/or sensorimotor functions) in preschool- and school-age children. Detrimental effects of air pollutants on children's neurodevelopmental skills were observed, although they do not show clinically relevant performance deficits. The most affected domains were global intellective functioning and attention/executive functions. The pollutants that seem to represent the greatest risk are PM2.5, NO₂ and PAHs. Prenatal exposure is primarily associated with child neurodevelopment at pre-school and school ages. Early exposure to air pollutants is related to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in the general population of children. Further research is needed to support stronger conclusions.
早期暴露于空气污染与神经发育障碍有关。新出现的证据强调了空气污染对正常发育儿童的可能影响。本综述纳入了 30 篇论文，系统评估了产前和/或产后暴露于空气污染物与学龄前和学龄儿童特定神经发育技能（即智力功能、记忆和学习、注意力和执行功能、言语语言、数字能力以及运动和/或感觉运动功能）之间的关联。尽管没有显示出具有临床相关的表现缺陷，但观察到空气污染物对儿童神经发育技能有不良影响。受影响最大的领域是整体智力功能和注意力/执行功能。似乎代表最大风险的污染物是 PM2.5、NO₂ 和多环芳烃。产前暴露主要与学前和学龄儿童的儿童神经发育有关。早期接触空气污染物与普通儿童群体的不良神经发育结果有关。需要进一步的研究来支持更有力的结论。
