University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Association for Health and Rehabilitation Sports at UKSH, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 9;14(6):1149. doi: 10.3390/nu14061149.
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are associated with impairment at the physical and at psychological level. In addition, side effects are a potentially treatment-limiting factor that may necessitate dose reduction, delay, or even discontinuation of therapy, with negative consequences for outcome and mean survival. Numerous studies have shown that physical activity and sports and exercise therapy programs are not only practicable but also recommendable for oncologic patients during the acute phase and in the aftercare. Furthermore, nutrition plays an important role in all stages of tumor therapy. A timely integration of a nutrition therapy and physical activity in the form of physiotherapy and sports therapy serves to prevent and reduce treatment-associated side effects. Evidence-based recommendations on cancer prevention through nutrition therapy, physical activity, and sports and exercise therapy should be integrated into treatment plans for oncology patients as well as in health care services for the general population. Individual counselling by trained nutrition and exercise specialists may be advisable to receive concrete recommendations on the respective tumor entity or specific side effects. This mini review is based on a selective literature search in the PubMed database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on the subjects of healthy diet and physical activity in primary prevention and follow-up about cancer.
癌症的诊断和治疗与身体和心理层面的损伤有关。此外，副作用是一个潜在的治疗限制因素，可能需要减少剂量、延迟甚至停止治疗，从而对治疗结果和平均生存时间产生负面影响。许多研究表明，体育活动和运动及锻炼疗法不仅在癌症急性期和康复期对肿瘤患者可行，而且值得推荐。此外，营养在肿瘤治疗的所有阶段都起着重要作用。及时将营养治疗和体育活动以物理治疗和运动治疗的形式结合起来，有助于预防和减少治疗相关的副作用。应将预防癌症的循证营养治疗、体育活动和运动及锻炼治疗的建议纳入肿瘤患者的治疗计划，并纳入一般人群的医疗保健服务中。通过训练有素的营养和运动专家进行个体咨询，可能会就特定肿瘤实体或特定副作用获得具体建议。这篇迷你综述是基于对 PubMed 数据库和 Cochrane 对照试验中心关于癌症初级预防和随访中健康饮食和体育活动主题的文献进行的选择性搜索。
