Ahirwar Ankesh, Kesharwani Khushboo, Deka Rahul, Muthukumar Shreya, Khan Mohd Jahir, Rai Anshuman, Vinayak Vandana, Varjani Sunita, Joshi Khashti Ballabh, Morjaria Shruti
Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India.
J Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 10;349:32-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.012. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
Over the decades, a variety of chemically synthesized drugs are being used to cure existing diseases but often these drugs could not be effectively employed for the treatment of serious and newly emerging diseases. Fortunately, in nature there occurs immense treasure of plants and microorganisms which are living jewels with respect to their richness of medically important metabolites of high value. Hence, amongst the existing microorganism(s), the marine world offers a plethora of biological entities that can contribute to alleviate numerous human ailments. Algae are one such photosynthetic microorganism found in both marine as well as fresh water which are rich source of metabolites known for their nutrient content and health benefits. Various algal species like Haematococcus, Diatoms, Griffithsia, Chlorella, Spirulina, Ulva, etc. have been identified and isolated to produce biologically active and pharmaceutically important high value compounds like astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, sulphur polysaccharides mainly galactose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose etc., which show antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-cancer, and antiviral activities. However, the production of either of these bio compounds is favored under conditions of stress. This review gives detailed information on various nutraceutical metabolites extracted from algae. Additionally focus has been made on the role of these bio compounds extracted from algae especially sulphur polysaccharides to treat several diseases with prospective treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Lastly it covers the knowledge gaps and future perspectives in this area of research.
几十年来，人们一直在使用各种化学合成药物来治疗现有的疾病，但这些药物往往无法有效地用于治疗严重的和新出现的疾病。幸运的是，自然界中存在着丰富的植物和微生物宝藏，就其富含高价值的医学重要代谢物而言，它们是活着的珍宝。因此，在现有的微生物中，海洋世界提供了大量的生物实体，有助于减轻众多人类疾病。藻类就是这样一种在海洋和淡水中都能找到的光合微生物，它们是富含代谢物的来源，这些代谢物因其营养成分和对健康的益处而闻名。各种藻类物种，如红球藻、硅藻、海萝、小球藻、螺旋藻、石莼等，已被鉴定和分离出来，以生产具有生物活性和药学重要性的高价值化合物，如虾青素、岩藻黄质、硫多糖（主要是半乳糖、鼠李糖、木糖、岩藻糖等），这些化合物具有抗菌、抗真菌、抗癌和抗病毒活性。然而，这些生物化合物中的任何一种在应激条件下产量更高。这篇综述提供了从藻类中提取的各种营养代谢物的详细信息。此外，重点关注了从藻类中提取的这些生物化合物，特别是硫多糖在治疗多种疾病以及对SARS-CoV-2的前瞻性治疗中的作用。最后，它涵盖了该研究领域的知识空白和未来展望。
