Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Fisheries and Marine Research Station (FaMaRS), Fisheries and Marine Sciences Department, College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines.
Bioresour Technol. 2022 May;351:126910. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126910. Epub 2022 Feb 26.
Algae have been identified as natural producer of bioactive commercial pigments. To perform photosynthesis, algae use pigments to harvest sunlight energy. The pigments found in algae are categorized in chlorophylls, phycobilins, and carotenoids. Popular carotenoids include astaxanthin, lutein,fucoxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin and finds application as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoprophylactic, antitumor activities among others. Due to double-bonds in their structure, they exhibit broad health applications while protecting other molecules from oxidative stress induced by active radicals using various mechanisms. These carotenoids are synthesized by certain species as major products however they also present as byproducts in several species based on the pathway and genetic capability. Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis are ideal strains for commercial astaxanthin production. This review provides recent updates on microalgal pigment production, extraction, and purification processes to standardize and analyze for commercial production. Also, discussed the factors affecting its production, application, market potential, bottlenecks, and future prospects.
藻类已被确定为生物活性商业色素的天然生产者。藻类利用色素来捕获阳光能量进行光合作用。藻类中的色素可分为叶绿素、藻胆素和类胡萝卜素。常见的类胡萝卜素有虾青素、叶黄素、褐藻素、角黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质等，具有抗氧化、抗炎、免疫预防、抗肿瘤等多种活性。由于其结构中的双键，它们表现出广泛的健康应用，同时通过各种机制保护其他分子免受活性自由基引起的氧化应激。这些类胡萝卜素是某些物种的主要产物，但根据途径和遗传能力，它们也存在于几种物种中作为副产物。雨生红球藻和栅藻是商业虾青素生产的理想菌株。本文综述了微藻色素的生产、提取和纯化工艺，以实现标准化和商业化生产。还讨论了影响其生产、应用、市场潜力、瓶颈和未来前景的因素。
