Brooks Stephanie P, Zimmermann Gabrielle L, Lang Michael, Scott Shannon D, Thomson Denise, Wilkes Gil, Hartling Lisa
Alberta SPOR SUPPORT Unit - Learning Health System Team, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Implement Sci Commun. 2022 Mar 28;3(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s43058-022-00282-6.
Stories can be a powerful tool to increase uptake of health information, a key goal of knowledge translation (KT). Systematic reviews demonstrate that storytelling (i.e. sharing stories) can be effective in changing health-promoting behaviours. Though an attractive KT strategy, storytelling is a complex approach requiring careful planning and consideration of multiple factors. We sought to develop a framework to assist KT researchers and practitioners in health contexts to consider and develop effective KT interventions that include stories or storytelling.
We conducted a broad search of the literature to identify studies that used storytelling as a KT intervention across different disciplines: health research, education, policy development, anthropology, organizational development, technology research, and media. We extracted purposes, theories, models, mechanisms, and outcomes and then mapped the theoretical and practical considerations from the literature onto the Medical Research Council guidance for complex interventions. The theoretical and practical considerations uncovered comprised the basis of the storytelling framework development. Through discussion and consensus, methodological experts refined and revised the framework for completeness, accuracy, nuance, and usability.
We used a complex intervention lens paired with existing behaviour change techniques to guide appropriate theory-based intervention planning and practical choices. An intentional approach to the development of story-based KT interventions should involve three phases. The theory phase specifies the goal of the intervention, mechanisms of action, and behaviour change techniques that will achieve the intended effects. The modelling phase involves development and testing using an iterative approach, multiple methods and engagement of end-users. Finally, formal evaluation using multiple methods helps determine whether the intervention is having its intended effects and value added.
This framework provides practical guidance for designing story-based KT interventions. The framework was designed to make explicit the requisite considerations when determining the appropriateness and/or feasibility of storytelling KT, clarify intervention goals and audience, and subsequently, support the development and testing of storytelling interventions. The framework presents considerations as opposed to being prescriptive. The framework also offers an opportunity to further develop theory and the KT community's understanding of effectiveness and mechanisms of action in storytelling interventions.
故事可以成为增加健康信息接受度的有力工具，这是知识转化（KT）的一个关键目标。系统评价表明，讲故事（即分享故事）在改变促进健康行为方面可能有效。尽管讲故事是一种有吸引力的知识转化策略，但它是一种复杂的方法，需要仔细规划并考虑多个因素。我们试图开发一个框架，以协助健康领域的知识转化研究人员和从业者考虑并开发包括故事或讲故事的有效知识转化干预措施。
我们广泛检索文献，以识别在不同学科（健康研究、教育、政策制定、人类学、组织发展、技术研究和媒体）中使用讲故事作为知识转化干预措施的研究。我们提取了目的、理论、模型、机制和结果，然后将文献中的理论和实际考虑因素映射到医学研究理事会关于复杂干预措施的指南上。所发现的理论和实际考虑因素构成了讲故事框架开发的基础。通过讨论和达成共识，方法学专家对框架进行了完善和修订，以确保其完整性、准确性、细微差别和可用性。
我们使用复杂干预视角并结合现有的行为改变技术，以指导基于适当理论的干预规划和实际选择。基于故事的知识转化干预措施的有意开发应包括三个阶段。理论阶段明确干预的目标、行动机制以及将实现预期效果的行为改变技术。建模阶段涉及使用迭代方法、多种方法以及最终用户的参与进行开发和测试。最后，使用多种方法进行正式评估有助于确定干预措施是否产生了预期效果以及是否增加了价值。
该框架为设计基于故事的知识转化干预措施提供了实用指导。该框架旨在在确定讲故事的知识转化的适当性和/或可行性时，明确必要的考虑因素，阐明干预目标和受众，随后支持讲故事干预措施的开发和测试。该框架提出的是考虑因素而非规定性内容。该框架还提供了一个机会，以进一步发展理论以及知识转化界对讲故事干预措施的有效性和行动机制的理解。
