Zhou Rui, Qian Shufang, Cho William C S, Zhou Jinyun, Jin Chentao, Zhong Yan, Wang Jing, Zhang Xiaohui, Xu Zhoujiao, Tian Mei, Chan Lawrence W C, Zhang Hong
Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Aging Cell. 2022 May;21(5):e13599. doi: 10.1111/acel.13599. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Aging is an inevitable process that all individuals experience, of which the extent differs among individuals. It has been recognized as the risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting gut microbiota compositions, microglia, and cognition abilities. Aging-induced changes in gut microbiota compositions have a critical role in orchestrating the morphology and functions of microglia through the gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota communicates with microglia by its secreted metabolites and neurotransmitters. This is highly associated with age-related cognitive declines. Here, we review the main composition of microbiota in the aged individuals, outline the changes of the brain in age-related cognitive decline from a neuroinflammation perspective, especially the changes of morphology and functions of microglia, discuss the crosstalk between microbiota and microglia in the aged brain and further highlight the role of microbiota-microglia connections in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).
衰老是一个所有个体都会经历的不可避免的过程，其程度在个体之间存在差异。衰老已被认为是神经退行性疾病的风险因素，因为它会影响肠道微生物群组成、小胶质细胞和认知能力。衰老引起的肠道微生物群组成变化通过肠-脑轴在协调小胶质细胞的形态和功能方面起着关键作用。肠道微生物群通过其分泌的代谢产物和神经递质与小胶质细胞进行交流。这与年龄相关的认知衰退高度相关。在这里，我们综述了老年个体微生物群的主要组成，从神经炎症的角度概述了与年龄相关的认知衰退中大脑的变化，特别是小胶质细胞形态和功能的变化，讨论了老年大脑中微生物群与小胶质细胞之间的相互作用，并进一步强调了微生物群-小胶质细胞连接在神经退行性疾病（阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）中的作用。
