Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713AV, the Netherlands.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713AV, the Netherlands; Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
Redox Biol. 2022 Jun;52:102279. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102279. Epub 2022 Mar 18.
Although viruses are known to modify the free radical concentration in infected cells, the exact location and concentrations of such changes remain unknown. Although this information is important to understand the virus pathogenesis and design better anti-viral drugs or vaccines, obtaining it with the conventional free radical/ROS detection techniques is impossible. Here, we elucidate the utility of diamond magnetometry for studying the free radical response of baby hamster kidney-21 cells upon Semliki Forest virus infection. Specifically, we optically probe the alterations in free radical concentration near infectious viruses via measuring the spin-lattice relaxation (T) of NV defect ensembles embedded in intracellular nanodiamonds. We performed measurements both at random locations as well as close to the virus entry by conjugating viruses to nanodiamond sensors. We observed alterations of T, which represent the intracellular free radical concentration during the viral replication process. Moreover, relaxometry is also used to monitor real-time free radical variation during the early infectious process.
虽然病毒被认为会改变感染细胞中的自由基浓度，但这种变化的确切位置和浓度仍然未知。虽然了解这些信息对于理解病毒发病机制以及设计更好的抗病毒药物或疫苗很重要，但使用传统的自由基/ROS 检测技术是不可能获得这些信息的。在这里，我们阐明了使用金刚石磁力计研究 Semliki Forest 病毒感染对婴儿仓鼠肾-21 细胞自由基反应的效用。具体来说，我们通过测量嵌入细胞内纳米金刚石中的 NV 缺陷团簇的自旋晶格弛豫（T），来光学探测感染病毒附近自由基浓度的变化。我们在病毒进入的附近位置以及随机位置进行了测量，将病毒与纳米金刚石传感器偶联。我们观察到 T 的变化，这代表了病毒复制过程中的细胞内自由基浓度。此外，弛豫测量法也可用于监测早期感染过程中的实时自由基变化。
