Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basra, Basrah, Iraq.
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basra, Basrah, Iraq.
Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Nov 30;76(5):1333-1341. doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.356366.1832. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Coprophilous fungi are a large group of fungi mostly found in herbivore dung and have an exclusive life cycle. This group of fungi produces many important metabolites which can be consumed in medicine or agriculture. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of these fungi on bacterial mastitis. A total of 50 dung samples were collected from four herbivores (cows, buffalos, sheep, and camels) from different areas of Basra. The moist chamber method was used for each sample to establish a fungal fruiting body and detect the type of the fungi. The coprophilous fungi included which belong to the Ascomycetes class. PCR test was performed using the ITS region for confirmatory detection of species. The highest and the lowest number of isolated species was associated with cow dung and camel dung, respectively. The antimicrobial property of three different partitioned extracts (petroleum ether [F1], ethanol [F2], and water [F3]) prepared from some fungal mycelia was evaluated in vitro. All fractions were tested to detect antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion assay against five pathogenic bacteria and . which is isolated from bovine mastitis. Data revealed that all fractions could inhibit the tested bacteria. However, inhibitory activity was found to be dependent on (6i) the used fungal strains; (ii) the extracted solvent; and (iii) the tested bacteria. In general, the petroleum ether extracts (F1) derived from all fungi displayed the highest inhibitory activity against the testing bacteria. In conclusion, the present study concluded that the extracts prepared from the fungal mycelia contain bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. This study was first conducted in Iraq and further studies are required to develop new treatments.
嗜粪真菌是一大类真菌，主要存在于食草动物的粪便中，具有独特的生命周期。这组真菌产生许多重要的代谢物，可在医学或农业中使用。本研究旨在调查这些真菌对细菌性乳腺炎的抗菌作用。从巴士拉不同地区的四种食草动物（牛、水牛、绵羊和骆驼）中收集了 50 个粪便样本。使用潮湿室法对每个样本进行处理，以建立真菌果实体并检测真菌的类型。嗜粪真菌包括属于子囊菌纲的真菌。使用 ITS 区域进行 PCR 测试，以对物种进行确认检测。从牛和骆驼粪便中分离出的物种数量最多和最少。从一些真菌菌丝体中制备的三种不同分区提取物（石油醚[F1]、乙醇[F2]和水[F3]）的体外抗菌性能进行了评估。使用圆盘扩散法对所有馏分进行了抗菌活性测试，以对抗五种致病菌和从牛乳腺炎中分离出的 。数据显示，所有馏分均可抑制测试细菌。然而，抑制活性取决于（i）使用的真菌菌株；（ii）提取溶剂；（iii）测试细菌。一般来说，所有真菌衍生的石油醚提取物（F1）对测试细菌表现出最高的抑制活性。总之，本研究得出结论，从真菌菌丝体中制备的提取物含有具有抗菌特性的生物活性化合物。本研究首次在伊拉克进行，需要进一步研究以开发新的治疗方法。
