Conflitti Ida M, Arshad Imrit Mohammad, Morrison Bandele, Sharma Sapna, Colla Sheila R, Zayed Amro
Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada.
Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change York University Toronto Ontario Canada.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 21;12(3):e8667. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8667. eCollection 2022 Mar.
With growing urbanization, it is becoming increasingly important to design cities in a manner that sustains and enhances biodiversity and ecosystem services. Native bees are critical pollinators that have experienced substantive declines over the past several decades. These declines have captured the attention of the public, particularly urbanites, prompting a large interest in protecting pollinators and their habitats in cities across North America and Europe. Unfortunately, we currently lack research about specific features of urban environments that can enhance the fitness of pollinators. We carried out an intensive study of , the Common Eastern Bumblebee, in the city of Toronto (Canada's largest city), to better understand landscape parameters that provide high-quality habitat for this species and likely other generalist bees. We divided the city into 270 grid cells and sampled a large number of worker bees, which were then genotyped at twelve hypervariable microsatellite loci. The genetic data allowed us to quantify the effective number of colonies and foraging distance for bumblebees in our study area. We then asked how the city's landscape and human population demography and income are associated with the availability of high-quality habitat for . . Several aspects of Toronto's landscape influenced colony density and foraging range. Urbanization had a clear effect on both colony density and foraging distance of workers. On the other hand, functional (i.e., not cosmetic) green space was often associated with higher quality habitats for bumblebees. Our study suggests several planning strategies to enhance habitat quality for bumblebees and other pollinators in cities.
随着城市化进程的加快，以维持和增强生物多样性及生态系统服务的方式来设计城市变得越来越重要。本地蜜蜂是关键的传粉者，在过去几十年中数量大幅下降。这些下降引起了公众尤其是城市居民的关注，激发了北美和欧洲各城市对保护传粉者及其栖息地的浓厚兴趣。不幸的是，我们目前缺乏关于城市环境中能够提高传粉者适应性的具体特征的研究。我们在加拿大多伦多市（加拿大最大的城市）对东部大黄蜂进行了深入研究，以更好地了解为该物种以及可能的其他普通蜜蜂提供高质量栖息地的景观参数。我们将城市划分为270个网格单元，并对大量工蜂进行采样，然后在12个高变微卫星位点对它们进行基因分型。遗传数据使我们能够量化研究区域内大黄蜂的有效蜂群数量和觅食距离。然后我们探究了城市的景观、人口统计学特征和收入与东部大黄蜂高质量栖息地的可获得性之间是如何关联的。多伦多景观的几个方面影响了蜂群密度和觅食范围。城市化对工蜂的蜂群密度和觅食距离都有明显影响。另一方面，功能性（即非装饰性）绿地通常与大黄蜂的高质量栖息地相关。我们的研究提出了几种规划策略，以提高城市中大黄蜂和其他传粉者的栖息地质量。
