Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Jul;299:134427. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134427. Epub 2022 Mar 29.
Recently, a decrease in water availability and quality has been raised due to rapid industrialization, unsustainable agricultural activities and anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are considered significant pollutants in the water environment, cause environmental hazards and health effects to humans. For monitoring water contaminants utilized different conventional techniques. Still, they have some drawbacks, such as cost expensive, ecological issues, and processing time, requiring technicians and researchers to operate them effectively. Biosensors have become reasonable devices for screening and identifying environmental contaminants because of their different benefits contrasted with other detecting techniques. This review summarizes the toxic effect of heavy metal and their source, occurrence. A detailed discussion is provided on the heavy metal recognition materials for detecting heavy metals in wastewater. Lab on chip (LOC) is an emerging micro-electrical mechanical system (MEMS) device that intakes liquid and makes it move through the micro-channels, to accomplish fast, cost-effective and profoundly sensitive analysis with significant yield. LOC also provided a discussion on numerous laboratory functions on a single platform. This article attempts to discuss the detection of heavy metals using lab on a chip by suitable recognition materials. Further, the design and fabrication mechanism and their recognition abilities of LOC were also reviewed. The review mainly focuses on the application of LOC biosensors, pros, and cons, and suggests a roadmap towards future development to enhance the practical use in pollutant monitoring.
最近，由于快速工业化、不可持续的农业活动和人为活动，水资源的供应和质量都有所下降。重金属被认为是水环境中的重要污染物，对人类的环境危害和健康影响。为了监测水中的污染物，人们使用了不同的传统技术。但它们仍存在一些缺点，如成本高、生态问题和处理时间，需要技术人员和研究人员有效地操作。生物传感器因其与其他检测技术相比具有不同的优势，已成为筛选和识别环境污染物的合理设备。本综述总结了重金属的毒性及其来源、发生情况。详细讨论了用于检测废水中重金属的重金属识别材料。片上实验室（LOC）是一种新兴的微机电系统（MEMS）装置，它可以吸入液体并使其在微通道中移动，从而实现快速、经济高效和高度敏感的分析，并具有显著的产量。LOC 还讨论了在单个平台上进行的众多实验室功能。本文试图通过合适的识别材料讨论使用片上实验室检测重金属的问题。此外，还回顾了 LOC 的设计和制造机制及其识别能力。综述主要集中在 LOC 生物传感器的应用、优缺点上，并提出了未来发展的路线图，以增强在污染物监测中的实际应用。
