Departamento de Psicología Básica 1, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C. Juan del Rosal 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2022 Apr;84(3):771-780. doi: 10.3758/s13414-022-02472-9. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
In the context of urban life, some monuments are ecologically relevant landmarks for some people. However, previous research on the topic of incidental memory of everyday settings has relatively ignored how people remember monuments from their environments. The present work examined visual memory (i.e., recall and recognition) and metamemory for the Puerta de Alcalá ("Alcalá Gate" in English), a famous ornamental monument in the city of Madrid (Spain). Despite the monument's perceptual simplicity, participants showed poor visual memory of it in a recall task (drawings), as only 16% of them correctly drew the monument; moreover, only 45% of the participants correctly recognized it in a four-alternative forced-choice test. In contrast, participants reported higher levels of confidence for both recall and recognition (51.57 ± 20.5 and 79.54 ± 19.6, respectively on a 100-point scale). Importantly, memory performance did not vary as a function of the number of years lived near the monument or of the self-reported contact frequency (familiarity) with the monument. The current findings have relevant implications in understanding the link between visual attention, memory, and metamemory in real-world settings.
在城市生活的背景下，有些纪念碑对某些人来说是具有生态关联性的地标。然而，关于日常环境中偶然记忆的先前研究相对忽略了人们如何记住环境中的纪念碑。本研究考察了对马德里市（西班牙）著名的装饰性纪念碑——阿尔卡拉门（Puerta de Alcalá，英语中称为“Alcalá Gate”）的视觉记忆（即回忆和识别）和元记忆。尽管纪念碑的感知很简单，但参与者在回忆任务（绘图）中对其的视觉记忆较差，只有 16%的人正确地画出了纪念碑；此外，只有 45%的参与者在四项选择强制测试中正确识别了它。相比之下，参与者在回忆和识别方面报告了更高的置信度（分别为 51.57 ± 20.5 和 79.54 ± 19.6，在 100 分制上）。重要的是，记忆表现并不取决于居住在纪念碑附近的年数或自我报告的与纪念碑的接触频率（熟悉度）。当前的发现对于理解真实环境中视觉注意、记忆和元记忆之间的联系具有重要意义。
