Ostrowska-Podhorodecka Zofia, Ding Isabel, Norouzi Masoud, McCulloch Christopher A
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 Mar 11;10:869069. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869069. eCollection 2022.
Vimentin expression contributes to cellular mechanoprotection and is a widely recognized marker of fibroblasts and of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. But it is not understood how vimentin affects signaling that controls cell migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Recent data indicate that vimentin controls collagen deposition and ECM structure by regulating contractile force application to the ECM and through post-transcriptional regulation of ECM related genes. Binding of cells to the ECM promotes the association of vimentin with cytoplasmic domains of adhesion receptors such as integrins. After initial adhesion, cell-generated, myosin-dependent forces and signals that impact vimentin structure can affect cell migration. Post-translational modifications of vimentin determine its adaptor functions, including binding to cell adhesion proteins like paxillin and talin. Accordingly, vimentin regulates the growth, maturation and adhesive strength of integrin-dependent adhesions, which enables cells to tune their attachment to collagen, regulate the formation of cell extensions and control cell migration through connective tissues. Thus, vimentin tunes signaling cascades that regulate cell migration and ECM remodeling. Here we consider how specific properties of vimentin serve to control cell attachment to the underlying ECM and to regulate mesenchymal cell migration and remodeling of the ECM by resident fibroblasts.
波形蛋白的表达有助于细胞的机械保护，是成纤维细胞和上皮-间质转化的一个广泛认可的标志物。但波形蛋白如何影响控制细胞迁移和细胞外基质（ECM）重塑的信号传导尚不清楚。最近的数据表明，波形蛋白通过调节对ECM施加的收缩力以及对ECM相关基因的转录后调控来控制胶原蛋白沉积和ECM结构。细胞与ECM的结合促进波形蛋白与整合素等粘附受体的细胞质结构域的结合。初始粘附后，细胞产生的、肌球蛋白依赖性的力和影响波形蛋白结构的信号会影响细胞迁移。波形蛋白的翻译后修饰决定了其衔接子功能，包括与桩蛋白和踝蛋白等细胞粘附蛋白的结合。因此，波形蛋白调节整合素依赖性粘附的生长、成熟和粘附强度，使细胞能够调节其与胶原蛋白的附着，调节细胞延伸的形成，并控制细胞通过结缔组织的迁移。因此，波形蛋白调节调节细胞迁移和ECM重塑的信号级联反应。在这里，我们探讨波形蛋白的特定特性如何控制细胞与下层ECM的附着，并调节间充质细胞迁移以及驻留成纤维细胞对ECM的重塑。
