Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Mar 11;12:854876. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854876. eCollection 2022.
Canine adenoviruses (CAdVs) include type 1 (CAdV-1, virulent strain) and type 2 (CAdV-2, attenuated strain). In recent years, the incidences of CAdV infections are increasing. However, they are difficult to distinguish when the symptoms are untypical. It is pivotal to find the differences between the two virus types for scientific, epidemiological, and specific treatment. CAdV-1 (virulent strain) and CAdV-2 (attenuated strain) induced canine hepatitis (ICH) and tracheobronchitis (ITB), respectively, but the clinical symptom is not obvious. CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 have the same genome structure, diameter, morphological features, and cytopathic features, but the same character hinder the diagnose time of the serotypes. CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 have a difference in the genome sequence, coding proteins, viral activity, hemagglutination patterns. After infection, pathogenicity and transmission route are different between the two serotypes. Sequence alignment, PCR, Real time-PCR assay are useful methods to distinguish the two serotypes. The attenuated live CAdV-2 vaccine is currently used to protect against CAdV-1, but it also has a risk. The further research should focus on the pathogenicity mechanism and the useful vaccine for the two serotypes of canine adenovirus.
犬腺病毒（CAdVs）包括 1 型（CAdV-1，强毒株）和 2 型（CAdV-2，弱毒株）。近年来，CAdV 感染的发病率正在增加。然而，当症状不典型时，它们很难区分。找到两种病毒类型之间的差异对于科学、流行病学和特定治疗至关重要。CAdV-1（强毒株）和 CAdV-2（弱毒株）分别引起犬肝炎（ICH）和气管支气管炎（ITB），但临床症状不明显。CAdV-1 和 CAdV-2 具有相同的基因组结构、直径、形态特征和致细胞病变特征，但相同的特征会阻碍血清型的诊断时间。CAdV-1 和 CAdV-2 在基因组序列、编码蛋白、病毒活性、血凝模式上存在差异。感染后，两种血清型的致病性和传播途径不同。序列比对、PCR、实时 PCR 检测是区分两种血清型的有用方法。目前，弱毒活 CAdV-2 疫苗被用于预防 CAdV-1，但它也存在风险。进一步的研究应集中在两种犬腺病毒的致病性机制和有用疫苗上。
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