Zhang Zhilei, Liu Xiujuan
Department of Physical Education and Health, Heze University, Heze, China.
Department of Politics and Law, Heze University, Heze, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 11;13:817927. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817927. eCollection 2022.
Addiction has been attributed to development of habit-based neural circuits that promote continued substance use despite a conscious wish to abstain. The goal of this study was to determine if physical exercise could serve as an alternative habit to replace habitual substance use, and whether this exercise intervention methods differed for opioid vs. amphetamine Dependents. A total of 14 randomized controlled experimental literatures on exercise intervention in people with opioid and amphetamine use disorder were screened, the 14 literature included 4 opioids and 10 amphetamines. From the 14 literature, the information of intervention program elements were counted, respectively. Independent sample -test was used to compare the similarities and differences between the two intervention methods, and intervention mechanism of dependents were discussed. All rehabilitation exercises for opioid dependents use aerobic exercise, while most rehabilitation exercises for amphetamine dependents use aerobic exercise, and a few use aerobic and anaerobic mixed exercise. There is no significant difference in exercise time, exercise frequency and cycle between the two intervention schemes ( > 0.05). The rehabilitation indicators of opioid and amphetamine dependents generally include psychological indicators and physiological indicators, and most of the tests mainly focus on measuring psychological indicators such as mood and drug craving of dependents. The goal of exercise intervention for opioid and amphetamine dependents is similar, the first is to improve mood, reduce craving, improve sleep, and the second is to enhance physical fitness. In the treatment of Substance use disorder, exercise intervention can be used as an auxiliary treatment. Exercise intervention emphasizes low intensity and high frequency. Exercise intervention tends to cultivate long-term exercise habits or exercise lifestyle. Based on this "habit" mechanism, exercise can complete the substitution of material dependence.
成瘾被归因于基于习惯的神经回路的发展，这种神经回路促使人们持续使用药物，尽管有意识地希望戒除。本研究的目的是确定体育锻炼是否可以作为一种替代习惯来取代习惯性药物使用，以及这种锻炼干预方法对于阿片类药物依赖者和苯丙胺依赖者是否有所不同。共筛选了14篇关于阿片类药物和苯丙胺使用障碍患者运动干预的随机对照实验文献，这14篇文献包括4篇关于阿片类药物的和10篇关于苯丙胺的。从这14篇文献中，分别统计了干预项目要素的信息。采用独立样本t检验比较两种干预方法之间的异同，并探讨了依赖者的干预机制。所有针对阿片类药物依赖者的康复锻炼都采用有氧运动，而大多数针对苯丙胺依赖者的康复锻炼采用有氧运动，少数采用有氧和无氧混合运动。两种干预方案在运动时间、运动频率和周期方面无显著差异（P>0.05）。阿片类药物和苯丙胺依赖者的康复指标一般包括心理指标和生理指标，大多数测试主要侧重于测量依赖者的情绪和对药物的渴望等心理指标。针对阿片类药物和苯丙胺依赖者的运动干预目标相似，一是改善情绪、减少渴望、改善睡眠，二是增强身体素质。在物质使用障碍的治疗中，运动干预可作为辅助治疗。运动干预强调低强度和高频次。运动干预倾向于培养长期的运动习惯或运动生活方式。基于这种“习惯”机制，运动可以完成对物质依赖的替代。
