Catalyst Consulting Group, LLC, 1 Bond Street, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Int J Equity Health. 2022 Apr 2;21(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12939-022-01648-x.
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has been felt acutely in Latin America with several countries having among the highest numbers of SARS-CoV-2 cases and related deaths. Individuals living with underlying health conditions have an increased risk of severe disease or death from COVID-19. Patient advocacy organizations often provide supportive services to these individuals and can offer a unique perspective of the patient experience. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of COVID-19 on access to health services in Latin America, as reported by patient advocacy organizations representing individuals living with autoimmune, chronic, and noncommunicable diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2020 with patient advocacy organizations in Latin America to measure perceived effects from COVID-19 and reported access to health services among individuals living with autoimmune, chronic, and noncommunicable diseases. An original, online survey was developed and deployed in Spanish and Portuguese. Univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted across two main subject areas: perceived patient effects from COVID-19 and patient access to health services. The main outcomes of analysis considered patient access to care during COVID-19 based on type of chronic illness and geographical region in Latin America. RESULTS: A total of 81 survey responses were analyzed. A majority (83%) of patient advocacy organizations reported their patients experienced delays receiving their treatment and care services; 52% experienced delays of 30 days or more. Telemedicine was considered available, but not accessible to patients (37%) and a majority (76%) of patients faced challenges with electronic prescriptions. Patients were not likely to receive a multi-month prescription from their doctor (38%) or successfully fill it at the pharmacy (26%). CONCLUSIONS: According to responses from patient advocacy organizations, individuals living with noncommunicable diseases in Latin America have faced unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. As countries re-evaluate their health systems, it is critical that chronic diseases are considered so that all can fully realize the right to health.
背景： 新冠疫情在拉丁美洲造成了严重影响，多个国家的 SARS-CoV-2 病例和相关死亡人数位居世界前列。患有基础疾病的人患新冠重症或死亡的风险更高。患者权益倡导组织通常为这些人提供支持性服务，能够提供独特的患者体验视角。本研究旨在评估新冠疫情对拉丁美洲代表自身患有自身免疫性、慢性和非传染性疾病的个人的医疗服务获取情况的影响。
方法： 2020 年 8 月，我们对拉丁美洲的患者权益倡导组织进行了一项横断面研究，以衡量新冠疫情对个人的感知影响以及报告的自身患有自身免疫性、慢性和非传染性疾病的个人的医疗服务获取情况。我们开发了一份原始的在线调查，以西班牙语和葡萄牙语两种语言发布。我们对两个主要主题领域进行了单变量和双变量分析：新冠疫情对患者的感知影响和患者获取医疗服务。分析的主要结果考虑了新冠疫情期间根据慢性疾病类型和拉丁美洲地理区域的患者获取护理情况。
结果： 共分析了 81 份调查回复。大多数（83%）患者权益倡导组织报告称其患者在接受治疗和护理服务方面存在延迟；52%的患者延迟 30 天或以上。远程医疗被认为是可用的，但患者无法获得（37%），大多数（76%）患者在电子处方方面存在困难。患者不太可能从医生那里获得多疗程处方（38%）或在药房成功配药（26%）。
结论： 根据患者权益倡导组织的回复，拉丁美洲患有非传染性疾病的个人在新冠疫情期间面临独特的挑战。随着各国重新评估其卫生系统，考虑到慢性病至关重要，以便所有人都能充分实现健康权。
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