Lee Katie Yen, Atwill Edward Robert, Pitesky Maurice, Huang Anny, Lavelle Kurtis, Rickard Maribel, Shafii Marzieh, Hung-Fan Melody, Li Xunde
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Western Institute for Food Safety and Security, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 16;13:835699. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835699. eCollection 2022.
Non-typhoidal remains a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, with food animal products serving as a key conduit for transmission. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an additional public health concern warranting better understanding of its epidemiology. In this study, 958 retail meat samples collected from January to December 2018 in California were tested for . From multivariable logistic regression, there was a 6.47 (90% CI 2.29-18.27), 3.81 (90% CI 1.29-11.27), and 3.12 (90% CI 1.03-9.45) higher odds of contamination in samples purchased in the fall, spring, and summer than in winter months, respectively, and a 3.70 (90% CI 1.05-13.07) higher odds in ground turkey compared to pork samples. Fourteen distinct serotypes and 17 multilocus sequence types were identified among the 43 isolates recovered, with . Kentucky (25.58%), . Reading (18.60%), Infantis (11.63%), and Typhimurium (9.30%) comprising the top serotypes. High prevalence of resistance was observed in retail chicken isolates for streptomycin (12/23, 52.17%) and tetracycline (12/23, 52.17%), in ground turkey isolates for ampicillin (8/15, 53.34%), and in ground beef isolates for nalidixic acid (2/3, 66.67%). Fourteen (32.56%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, 11 (25.58%) were resistant to one drug, and 12 (27.91%) were resistant to two drugs. The remaining six isolates (13.95%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR, ≥3 drug classes) . Infantis ( = 4), . Reading ( = 1), and . Kentucky ( = 1). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified 16 AMR genes and 17 plasmid replicons, including encoding ceftriaxone resistance and a D87Y mutation in conferring resistance to nalidixic acid and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. The IncFIB(pN55391) replicon previously identified in connection to the worldwide dissemination of pESI-like mega plasmid carriage in an emerged Infantis clone was detected in four of the six MDR isolates. Genotypes from WGS showed high concordance with phenotype with overall sensitivity and specificity of 95.31% and 100%, respectively. This study provides insight into the AMR profiles of a diversity of serotypes isolated from retail meat products in California and highlights the value of routine retail food surveillance for the detection and characterization of AMR in foodborne pathogens.
非伤寒沙门氏菌仍然是美国食源性疾病的主要病因，食用动物产品是其主要传播途径。抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的出现引发了另一个公共卫生问题，需要更好地了解其流行病学情况。在本研究中，对2018年1月至12月在加利福尼亚州采集的958份零售肉类样本进行了检测。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，秋季、春季和夏季购买的样本受污染几率分别比冬季高6.47倍（90%置信区间2.29 - 18.27）、3.81倍（90%置信区间1.29 - 11.27）和3.12倍（90%置信区间1.03 - 9.45），火鸡肉样本受污染几率比猪肉样本高3.70倍（90%置信区间1.05 - 13.07）。在回收的43株分离株中鉴定出14种不同血清型和17种多位点序列类型，其中肯塔基血清型（25.58%）、里丁血清型（18.60%）、婴儿血清型（11.63%）和鼠伤寒血清型（9.30%）为主要血清型。零售鸡肉分离株中链霉素（12/23，52.17%）和四环素（12/23，52.17%）耐药率高，火鸡肉分离株中氨苄西林（8/15，53.34%）耐药率高，牛肉末分离株中萘啶酸（2/3，66.67%）耐药率高。14株（32.56%）对所有测试抗菌药物敏感，11株（25.58%）对一种药物耐药，12株（27.91%）对两种药物耐药。其余6株分离株（13.95%）为多重耐药（MDR，≥3类药物），包括婴儿血清型（4株）、里丁血清型（1株）和肯塔基血清型（1株）。全基因组测序（WGS）鉴定出16个AMR基因和17个质粒复制子，包括编码头孢曲松耐药性的基因以及在gyrA中导致对萘啶酸耐药和对环丙沙星敏感性降低的D87Y突变。在6株MDR分离株中的4株中检测到先前与在一株新兴的婴儿血清型克隆中pESI样大质粒携带的全球传播相关的IncFIB(pN55391)复制子。WGS基因型与表型高度一致，总体敏感性和特异性分别为95.31%和100%。本研究深入了解了从加利福尼亚州零售肉类产品中分离出的多种沙门氏菌血清型的AMR谱，并强调了常规零售食品监测在食源性病原体AMR检测和特征分析中的价值。
