Wang Jinjin, Hussain Sadam, Sun Xu, Zhang Peng, Javed Talha, Dessoky Eldessoky S, Ren Xiaolong, Chen Xiaoli
College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Tillage in Northwest Loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Mar 16;13:862088. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862088. eCollection 2022.
Developing a nitrogen fertilizer (N) reduction method under straw incorporation is essentially important for increasing wheat productivity in terms of improved fertilizer use efficiency and high yield in semiarid areas. A two-year field experiment, with five different nitrogen application rates: control (without N application, N0), low N (75 kg ha, N75), medium N (150 kg ha, N150), high N (225 kg ha, N225) and excessive N (300 kg ha, N300), was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to quantify their impacts on the photosynthetic characteristics, nitrogen utilization (in terms of N accumulation, distribution and transportation, and residual soil NO -N) and productivity of winter wheat. There was a significant impact of N rates on photosynthetic traits, and N accumulation in different organs. As compared with the N300, N150, and N225 improved the photosynthetic characteristics, increased N accumulation in grains by 5.55 and 10.97%, the N contribution proportion of that accumulated after anthesis by 67.90 and 115.56%, and reduced residual N by 62.50 and 46.48%, respectively, thereby effectively improved N absorption efficiency and N contribution rates. Grain yield remained slightly or unchanged among N treatments. Although N0 and N75 treatments reduced the nitrate-N leaching but caused a significant reduction of 18.13 and 28.37%, respectively, in grain yield. From these results, we conclude that N application at 150 and 225 kg⋅ha under straw incorporation was the most effective fertilization method in achieving the higher photosynthetic characteristics, improving NUE and grain yield. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for wheat production techniques.
在半干旱地区，开发秸秆还田条件下的氮肥减量方法对于提高小麦产量和肥料利用效率至关重要。2018年和2019年进行了为期两年的田间试验，设置了五个不同的施氮量：对照（不施氮，N0）、低氮（75 kg·ha，N75）、中氮（150 kg·ha，N150）、高氮（225 kg·ha，N225）和过量施氮（300 kg·ha，N300），以量化其对冬小麦光合特性、氮素利用（包括氮素积累、分配和转运以及土壤残留硝态氮）和生产力的影响。施氮量对光合性状和不同器官的氮素积累有显著影响。与N300相比，N150和N225改善了光合特性，籽粒氮素积累分别增加了5.55%和10.97%，花后积累氮素的贡献率分别提高了67.90%和115.56%，土壤残留氮分别减少了62.50%和46.48%，从而有效提高了氮素吸收效率和氮素贡献率。各施氮处理间籽粒产量略有差异或无变化。虽然N0和N75处理减少了硝态氮淋失，但分别导致籽粒产量显著降低了18.13%和28.37%。从这些结果可以得出，秸秆还田条件下施氮量为150和225 kg·ha是实现较高光合特性、提高氮素利用效率和籽粒产量的最有效施肥方法。本研究为小麦生产技术提供了理论和实践指导。
