Zhang Rong, Lv Yue-Rong, Yang Bo, Wang Hao, Jia Jun-Tao, Wu Zhi-Hong, Nie Ming, Sun Lian-Yang, Xue Shi-Yuan, Ding Yu-Lin, Chen Rui-Bin, Tunala Siqin, Zhao Li, Liu Yong-Hong
Otok Banner Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos 016100, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
Vet Sci. 2025 Apr 2;12(4):326. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12040326.
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic wasting disease mainly caused by subsp. (MAP) in ruminants. It is difficult to diagnose, prevent, treat, and eradicate, thereby causing serious economic losses to the livestock industry. Therefore, finding a detection method with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial to preventing and controlling PTB.
A total of 1585 fresh fecal samples were collected from 12 prefectures and cities across Inner Mongolia between March 2022 and October 2024. The samples were subjected to pretreatment, followed by DNA extraction. Subsequently, MAP detection and genotyping were performed using a two-step qPCR method.
The overall prevalence of MAP in ovines was 3.34% (53/1585), with the prevalence in 12 prefectures and cities ranging from 0% (0/100) to 7.73% (15/194). In the eastern, central, and western regions, the prevalence rates were 4.74% (31/654), 3.68% (14/394), and 1.49% (8/537); in small-scale and intensive farms, they were 3.23% (22/682), and 3.56% (31/903); and in goats and sheep, they were 0.91% (2/219) and 4.98% (36/723), respectively. The overall prevalence rates of C- and S-type MAP were 2.90% (46/1585) and 0.44% (7/1585), respectively.
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to conduct an epidemiological investigation of PTB in sheep across all nine cities and three leagues in Inner Mongolia and to perform MAP typing on a large scale. It elucidated the differences in the prevalence of PTB in different regions of Inner Mongolia and found that geographical location and sheep breed are potential risk factors for the differences in MAP prevalence. Furthermore, it has been shown that C- and S-type MAP coexist in the eastern and central regions of Inner Mongolia.
副结核病（PTB）是一种主要由副结核分枝杆菌亚种（MAP）引起的反刍动物慢性消耗性疾病。其诊断、预防、治疗和根除都很困难，给畜牧业造成了严重的经济损失。因此，找到一种高灵敏度和特异性的检测方法对于预防和控制PTB至关重要。
2022年3月至2024年10月期间，从内蒙古12个盟市共采集了1585份新鲜粪便样本。对样本进行预处理，然后进行DNA提取。随后，采用两步qPCR方法进行MAP检测和基因分型。
绵羊中MAP的总体流行率为3.34%（53/1585），12个盟市的流行率在0%（0/100）至7.73%（15/194）之间。在东部、中部和西部地区，流行率分别为4.74%（31/654）、3.68%（14/394）和1.49%（8/537）；在小规模和集约化养殖场，分别为3.23%（22/682）和3.56%（31/903）；在山羊和绵羊中，分别为0.91%（2/219）和4.98%（36/723）。C型和S型MAP的总体流行率分别为2.90%（46/1585）和0.44%（7/1585）。
据我们所知，本研究首次对内蒙古9个市和3个盟的绵羊PTB进行了流行病学调查，并大规模开展了MAP分型。阐明了内蒙古不同地区PTB流行率的差异，发现地理位置和绵羊品种是MAP流行率差异的潜在风险因素。此外，研究表明内蒙古东部和中部地区C型和S型MAP共存。
