中国海员群体中休假安排与海员疲劳关系的实证研究
Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Vacation Schedule and Seafarers' Fatigue in Chinese Seafarer Population.
作者信息
An Ji, Gao Wenting, Liu Runze, Liu Ziqi
机构信息
Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
Maritime College, Beibu Gulf University, Guangxi, China.
出版信息
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 21;13:838811. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838811. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Fatigue is an important factor for the safety of ships. In order to alleviate fatigue of the seafarers, the STCW Convention (International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers) has made many regulations on the working time of seafarers. At present, if a crew member takes only one day off at home before returning to work on the ship, the working time on the ship must be re-calculated again. If the time spent at home is not sufficient to allow the crew to recover, the regulations of only stipulating the working time, not stipulating the home vacation time, cannot guarantee the crew's fatigue been well controlled. The aim of present study is to explore the relationship between vacation schedule and fatigue of the seafarers.
METHODS
In present study, a simplified stress scale developed by the Ministry of Labor of Japan has been used as a measurement tool. The method of stratified sampling was adopted. Data collection mainly came from domestic ocean-going seafarers ( = 165). Analysis was conducted using the Cross (chi-square) analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis methods.
RESULTS
We found that there was no difference between crew members of different positions in terms of average vacation time and on-board service time ( > 0.05). The length of last vacation time and this service time for seafarers of different positions showed obvious differences ( < 0.01). The rank has a significant effect on the length of the last vacation (χ = 101.560, = 0.000 < 0.01) and the length of this service time (χ = 75.624, = 0.000 < 0.01). Also, the results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of vacation and overall fatigue ( = -7.160, = 0.000 < 0.01), while there was a significant positive correlation between the length of service time on board and overall fatigue ( = 3.474, = 0.001 < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The results indicated that a reasonable vacation schedule was crucial for the relief of the seafarers' fatigue, and also played a positive role in the state of working on the ship again.
背景
疲劳是影响船舶安全的重要因素。为缓解海员疲劳，《海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》（STCW公约）对海员工作时间做出诸多规定。目前，若船员在返回船上工作前仅在家休息一天，船上工作时间须重新计算。若在家休息时间不足以让船员恢复，仅规定工作时间而不规定在家休假时间的规定，无法保证船员疲劳得到有效控制。本研究旨在探讨休假安排与海员疲劳之间的关系。
方法
本研究采用日本厚生劳动省制定的简化压力量表作为测量工具。采用分层抽样方法。数据收集主要来自国内远洋海员（=165）。采用交叉（卡方）分析和分层多元回归分析方法进行分析。
结果
我们发现，不同职位船员的平均休假时间和船上服务时间无差异（>0.05）。不同职位海员的上次休假时间长度和本次服务时间存在明显差异（<0.01）。职级对上次休假时间长度（χ=101.560，=0.000<0.01）和本次服务时间长度（χ=75.624，=0.000<0.01）有显著影响。此外，结果显示休假时长与总体疲劳之间存在显著负相关（=-7.160，=0.000<0.01），而船上服务时间长度与总体疲劳之间存在显著正相关（=3.474，=0.001<0.01）。
结论
结果表明，合理的休假安排对缓解海员疲劳至关重要，对再次上船工作状态也起到积极作用。
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